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fof'k"V f'k{kk



                  uksV          (3) 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrkµ'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk] 'kkjhfjd v{kerk dk ifj.kke gSA 'kkjhfjd v{kerk osQ
                                     iQyLo:i cPpk oqQN dk;ks± dks Hkyh izdkj ugha dj ldrk] tks mlosQ fodkl dks izHkkfor djrh gSA
                                     tSls tks vkokt dks Hkyh izdkj ugha lqu ldrk og fofHkUu vkoktksa esa varj ugha dj ldrk] laxhr
                                     dk vkuUn ugha mBk ldrk] vkokt osQ vk/kj ij O;fDr vFkok fdlh tho dks igpku ugha ldrk
                                     bR;kfnA bu lcosQ dkj.k mldk fodkl ckf/r gksrk gSA

                                4-3 lkjka'k  (Summary)

                                •   oqQN ckyd tUe ls gh oqQN 'kkjhfjd nks"k ysdj mRiUu gksrs gSa] tcfd oqQN vU; dk fdlh nq?kZVuk] pksV
                                    vFkok chekjh osQ dkj.k dksbZ vax {kfrxzLr gks tkrk gSA ,sls ckydksa dks fcdykax ckyd dgk tkrk gSA
                                    bu ckydksa esa ;g nks"k vFkok {kfr bruh vf/d gksrh gS fd ;s lHkh vFkok fdlh dk;Z fo'ks"k dks lkekU;
                                    <ax ls ugha dj ikrs gSaA
                                •   Øks ,oa Øks (Crow and Crow) us ,sls ckydksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, dgk gSµ¶,d O;fDr ftldks dksbZ
                                    ,slk 'kkjhfjd nks"k gksrk gS] tks fdlh Hkh izdkj ls mls lkekU; fØ;kvksa esa Hkkx ysus ls jksdrk gS] vFkok mls
                                    lhfer j[krk gS] mls ge 'kkjhfjd U;wurkxzLr ;k fodykax O;fDr dg ldrs gSaA¸
                                •   ^jk‘ªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~* (NCERT) dk Ïksr xzUFk (Source book) esa fodykaxrk dks
                                    fuEufyf[kr :i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSµ
                                    "A handicap is restrictions imposed upon, or acquired by the chid, which affects the efficiency
                                    of his/her day to day life."
                                •   'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax ckydksa osQ izdkjµn`f‘ ckf/r ckydµn`f‘ghu ,d ljyrkioZd igpkuh

                                    tk ldus okyh fodykaxrk gSA vk;qfoZKku esa n`f‘ghurk dk rkRi;Z us=kkas ls oqQN Hkh u ns[k ik ldus dh
                                    fLFkfr gSA 'kSf{kd n`f‘ ls ¶n`f‘ghurk ,d ,slk n`f‘ fodkj gS ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i n`';&lkexzh osQ iz;ksx
                                    ls f'k{k.k vkaf'kd :i ls lEHko u gks losQA¸ n`f‘ghurk dks fpfdRlk foKku osQ vk/kj 20@200 lhek osQ
                                    vfrjsd osQ vk/kj ij ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] vFkkZr~ ,d lkekU; O;fDr fdlh i`’Hkwfe esa 20ñ rd rFkk
                                    200 iQhV rd vFkok mlls de Li‘ :i ls ns[k ldrk gSA lkekU; n`f‘ {kerk 20@70 ls 20@200 osQ eè;
                                    vPNh ekuh x;h gSA
                                •   Jo.k fodykaxµ^dkuksa osQ }kjk lquus esa ck/k* ls mRiUu v;ksX;rk O;fDr fo'ks"k dks Jo.k fodykax cukrh

                                    gSA 'kSf{kd n`f‘ ls] ¶Jo.k fodykaxrk ,slh 'kkjhfjd fu;ksZX;rk gS tks ckyd dks ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr }kjk f'k{kk
                                    xzg.k djus esa ck/k mRiUu djrh gSA¸ lkekU;r% f'k{k.k dh izfØ;k esa ekSf[kd fo|k dk ,d viuk egÙo
                                    gSA blfy, Jo.k&fodykax ckydksa dks Hkh vfrfjDr lgk;rk (midj.k) ;k fof'k‘ f'k{k.k dh vko';drk
                                    gksrh gSA
                                •   oko~Q vFkok ok.kh fodykaxµlkekU; oko~Q èofu dk u gksuk gh] ftlesa oDrk dk eUrO; Jksrk u le>

                                    losQ ;k vLi‘rk ls ;k foyac ls le>s] oko~Q fodykaxrk gSA oko~Q nks"k] vLi‘ mPpkj.k] vlaxr èofu]
                                    gdykuk] rqrykuk vkfn fodkl oko~Q fodykaxrk dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA
                                •   fo:fir ckydµoqQN ckyd fofHkUu v{ke vaxksa osQ dkj.k lekt esa viuk lek;kstu ugha dj ikrs gSaA

                                    ;g vkafxd v{kerk okys tSlsµ'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax] foÑr gfMM~;ksa okys ywys&yaxM+s ;k fo"kekax ckyd]
                                    fo:fir ckyd (crippled children) dgykrs gSaA
                                •   vLoLFk fodykax ckydµvLoLFk fodykax ckyd os ckyd gksrs gSa tks 'kkjhfjd vLoLFkrk o 'kfDrghurk

                                    osQ dkj.k i<+kbZ esa vis{kkÑr detksj gksrs gSa rFkk ftuosQ fy, LowQy esa fo'ks"k LokLF; lsok dh O;oLFkk djuh
                                    vko';d gksrh gSA fexhZ (epilepsy), riSfnd (tuberculosis), ân; jksx (cardiac anomalies), lw[kk jksx



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