Page 61 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% n`f"V ckf/r% ifjHkk"kk] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

n`f"V ckf/r ckydksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks rhu oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSµ uksV
(1) Hkk"kk dk fodkl (Language Development)

(2) ekufld ;ksX;rk (Intellectual ability) rFkk
(3) lkekftd rFkk dk;Z lek;kstu (Social and work adjustment)
(1) Hkk"kk dk fodkl (Language Development)µn`f"V fodykaxrk esa Hkk"kk dk nks"k ugha gksrk gS D;ksafd
og lqu ldrs gS rFkk cksy ldrs gSaA cksyuk vkSj lquuk Hkk"kk osQ eq[; dkS'ky ekus tkrs gSaA ;g Hkk"kk lh[kus
osQ fy, vf/d mRlkfgr jgrs gSaA Hkk"kk osQ ekè;e ls viuh ckr ekrk&firk rFkk lkfFk;ksa ls dg ldrs
gSaA buesa lEizs"k.k l{kerk gksrh gSA

lkekU; ckydksa ls buosQ Hkk"kk lh[kus dk <ax fHkUu gksrk gSA D;ksafd lkekU; ckyd ns[kdj vuqdj.k djosQ
vf/d lh[krs gSA n`f"V ckf/r bl izdkj osQ vuqHkoksa ls oafpr jgrs gSaA ;g 'kkfCnd vfHkO;fDr gh dj
ikrs gSA 'kkfCnd vfHkO;fDr esa okLrfodrk ugha gksrh D;ksafd Kku bfUnz;ksa ls vuqHko ugha gksrk gSA n`f"V
ckf/r lqudj gh 'kCnksa dk p;u djrk gS D;ksafd n`f"V&bfUnz; fØ;k'khy ugha gksrh gSA leLr tkudkjh
rFkk Kku Jo.k&bfUnz; ij vk/kfjr gksrk gSA fdlh oLrq dk lgh izR;{khdj.k ugha gks ikrk gSA rF;ksa dks
Hkk"kk ls izxV djrk gSA mls jaxksa dks dksbZ cks/ ugha gks ldrk gSA budh 'kkfCnd vfHkO;fDr vkUrfjd ugha
gksrh gSA buosQ vuqHko iw.kZ ugha gksrs gS] mudk izR;{khdj.k lquus rFkk Li'kZ rd gh lhfer jgrk gSA
(2) ekufld ;ksX;rk (Intellectual Ability)µn`f"V ckf/r ckyd ekufld ;ksX;rk dh n`f"V ls lkekU;
ckydksa ls de ugha gksrs gSaA 'kks/ dk;ks± ls ;g fofnr gqvk fd ;fn bUgsa leqfpr f'k{kk nh tk; vFkok
f'k{kk dk volj fey losQ rc budh cqf¼&yfC/ vpkud vf/d c<+ tkrh gSA
KkukRed ;ksX;rk;sa Hkh lkekU; ls de ugha gksrh gSaA ;|fi buosQ lh[kus rFkk izR;{khdj.k dk <x fHkUu
gksrk gSA izR;{khdj.k osQ fodkl esa deh jgrh gS vkSj leqfpr vf/xe vuqHkoksa dk vHkko jgrk gSA

n`f"V ckf/r ckyd ^nwjh* dks cks/xE; ugha dj ikrs gSa D;ksafd os nwjh ugha ns[k ldrs gSaA buesa ^nwjh dk
izR;;* fodflr ugha gksrk gSA ^nwjh osQ izR;;* dk cks/ n`f"V bfUnz; osQ LFkku ij vU; bfUnz;ksa dk mi;ksx
djrs gSA buesa dHkh&dHkh nwjh dh lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr dk Hkko fodflr gks tkrk gSA ;g le; ls nwjh dk vuqHko
yxkrs gSA Li'kZ ls Hkh bUgsa nwjh dk cks/ gksrk gSA fdlh vkdk'kh; fi.M dk lgh cks/ ugha gks ikrk gSA
rkjs] pUnzek vkfn dk cks/ ugha dj ikrs gSaA bUgsa gkFkh dk cks/ djkuk Hkh dfBu gSA igkM+ ufn;ksa] >jus
rFkk HkkSxksfyd bdkb;ksa dk Kku ugha fn;k tk ldrk gSA blh izdkj vf/d lw{e tho tUrq dk Hkh cks/
ugha gksrk gSA bUgsa lkisf{kd :i esa budk Kku fn;k tk ldrk gS rFkk cks/ djk;k tkrk gSA
n`f"V ckf/r ckydksa esa izR;;ksa dk fodkl Li'kZ vuqHko ls gksrk gSA Li'kZ vuqHko nks fHkUu izdkj gksrs gS
izFke fo'ys"k.k Li'kZ vuqHko rFkk f}rh; la'ys"k.k Li'kZ vuqHko ls gksrk gSµ
(1) fo'ys"k.k Li'kZ vuqHko osQ vUrxZr n`f"V ckf/r fdlh oLrq dks fofHkUu vaxksa dk Li'kZ djosQ ekufld Lrj
ij izR;{khdj.k djrk gSA

(2) la'ys"k.k Li'kZ vuqHko osQ vUrxZr n`f"V ckf/r vius gkFkksa ls NksVh&NksVh oLrqvksa dks vius ,d vFkok
nksuksa gkFkksa ls Li'kZ djosQ vuqHko djrk gSA HkkSfrd oLrq,a cM+h gksrh gS_ blfy, la'ys"k.k Li'kZ vuqHko
mi;ksxh gksrh gSA lkekU; n`f"V okyk ckyd oLrq dks lEiw.kZ :i esa Hkh ns[krk gS vkSj mldks fofHkUu [k.Mksa
esa ns[krk gSA n`f"V ckf/r dks fo'o Kku rFkk cks/ djuk dfBu gksrk gSA
n`f"V ckf/r ckydksa esa ,dkxzrk dk fodkl vf/d gksrk gS ns[kus ls ,dkxzrk izHkkfor gksrh gSA lquus dk
dkS'ky mÙke gSA blls KkukRed fodkl esa LFkkukiUu dbZ izdkj ls gksrk gSA

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