Page 29 - DHIN402_PRAACHEEN_EVAM_MADHYAKAALEEN_KAVYA

izkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu dkO;

uksV dk'kh ds fudV gh ?kj cukos vkSj xaxk dk fueZy ty fi;k djs] ysfdu gfj ds ukeLej.k fcuk eqfDr ugha
feysxh—,slk dchjnkl dgrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd dsoy dk'kh&okl ls eqfDr ugha feyrh] tSlk yksxksa dk
fo'okl gSA eqfDr feyrh gS ijekRek ds uke esa J)k j[kus lsA79A
dkBS la- d.B = fudV] ikl esa( rqy- lk[kh 82% dsjk dkBSa csfjA
dchj dgrk gS fd czkã.k lgt Hkko ls r"Vk vkSj Vksduh fy, fQjk djrk gS—bl izdkj ihry gh ds
pko esa o jke uke dk egÙo tku ugha ikrkA80A
rLVk < Qk- r'r ¼y?kqokpd ^r'rjh* = rk¡cs ;k ihry dh NksVh r'rjh ftlesa Bkdqj th dh ewfrZ dks Luku
djkrs gSa½A Vksduha—ns'kt ^VksDd.k* ¼= nk: ukius dk crZu—ns- ikbv- i`- 396½ = ihry ;k rk¡cs dk ,d xksy
NksVk ik=k ftlesa Bkdqj th dh ewfrZ j[krs gSaA Vksduh ls ewfrZ fudky dj r"Vk esa mls Luku djkrs gSaA yh;ka fQjS
lqHkkb—^lqHkkb* ¼= LoHkkor%½ fy, fQjrk gS vFkkZr~ og viuh vknr ls ykpkj gS ftlls r"Vk&Vksduh mlds
vfHkUUk vax cu x;s gSa—muds fcuk mls pSu ugha feyrk! ihry < la- fiÙky = rkacs vkSj tLrs ds feJ.k ls
cuh /kkrq% ;gk¡ rkRi;Z gS ihry dh r"Vk&Vksduh lsA pkb = pko] vfHkyk"kk] meax ¼r"Vk&Vksduh dks gh ek¡tus&/
kksus esa czkã.k dh #fp vf/kd jgrh gS½A
viuh ljkguk ugha djuh pkfg, vkSj nwljksa dks nfjnz ;k ghu ugha dguk pkfg,—D;k irk fd rqEgkjk
vfLFkiatj fdl isM+ ds uhps dwM+k cusA81A
jad ¼la-½ = nfjnzA djad ¼la-½ = gM~Mh] vfLFkiatjA ejus ds ckn dqN yksx nQuk fn;s tkrs gSaA fgUnqvksa
esa Hkh cgqrksa dk nkgdeZ ugha gks ikrk vkSj e/;;qx esa rks yksxksa dk thou vkSj Hkh vfuf'pr jgrk FkkA dksbZ
;q)LFky esa ejrk rks dksbZ lkFkZ ds lkFk ;k=kk djrs le; taxyksa esaA gM~Mh ty dj jk[k Hkh gks tkrh gS rks D;k
irk fd dgk¡ cgdj yxsA vr% ;gk¡ ^dwM+k gksb djad* dk yk{kf.kd vFkZ gh ysuk pkfg,A rkRi;Z ;g gS fd HkkSfrd
vFkok 'kkjhfjd lq[kksiHkksx dh Mhax ugha ekjuh pkfg, vkSj fdlh dks xjhc le>dj mldk migkl ugha djuk
pkfg,A
eSa dqlax dh ekjh ej jgh gw¡—tSls dsys ds ikl csj gks tk;A og gok ds >ksads esa vkuUn ls fgyrk gS vkSj
og phjrh gSA vr% csj tSls d¡Vhys 'kkDr ds lax ls cpks ;k 'kkDr dk lax cpkvksA82A
dsjk < la- dnyh = dsykA dkBSa < la- d.B = fudV] ikl] rqy- lk[kh 89% dklh dkBSa ?kj djSA gkyS =
ghyrk gSA lkdr < la- 'kkDrA fucsfj < la- fuokj;~ = cpkvks( fuokj.k djksA
ew[kZ dk lkFk ugha djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd yksgk dHkh ty ij rSj ugha ldrk ¼og Mwc tkrk gS—blh izdkj
ew[kZ Hkh ys Mwcrk gS½A dsyk] lhih vkSj liZ ds eq[k esa iM+dj ,d gh Lokfr u{k=k dh cw¡n rhu izdkj dh gks tkrh
gS ¼laxfr ds gh izHkko ls½A83A
frjkb < la- r` = rSjrk gSA Hkqoax < la- Hkqtax = liZA
Hkkb < la- Hkko = fLFkfr] jax] izdkj] rqy- in 1&4 % ,d Hkkb nhlSa lc ukjh] rFkk lk[kh 74% pwuk Åty
HkkbA ,d cwan frgwa Hkkb—izflf) gS fd Lokfr u{k=k dh o"kkZ dh cw¡n dsys esa iM+dj diwj] lhih esa iM+dj eksrh
vkSj liZ ds eq[k esa iM+dj fo"k gks tkrh gSA blh izdkj ,d gh O;fDr i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ laxfr ds izHkko ls i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~
:i esa <y ldrk gSA Lokfr cwan ds lEcU/k esa vkSj Hkh vusd izflf);k¡ gSa—tSls ck¡l esa iM+dj calykspu cu
tkuk vkfnA
Lokeh ¼ijekRek½ ds lkFk lPpkbZ dk vkpj.k djks vkSj nwljksa ls 'kq) Hkko ;k fl/kkbZ dk—fQj pkgs cky
yEcs dj yks ¼tVk c<+k yks½ pkgs mls lQkpV eqM+k yks vFkok pkgs mls eqM+k dj fopkj.k djksA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd
ckgjh os'kHkw"kk pkgs tSlh gks] mlls dksbZ vUrj ugha iM+rk] ;fn eu 'kq) gksA84A
lsrh = lsA lq/kHkkb—'kqn~/k + Hkko = fl/kkbZ ;k lw/kkiuA
HkkoS = pkgsA ?kqjfM+ < la- ?kw.kZ = ?kweks] pDdj yxkvksA
bl vFkZ ds vuqlkj ^eqM+kb* dks iwoZdkfyd fØ;k dk :i ekuuk iM+sxkA ¼eqM+kb = eqM+kdj½A ^/kqjfM+*
iwoZdkfyd dk vFkZ ^?kjjdj ;k f?kldj* ¼vFkkZr~ lQkpV½ Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] fdUrq ;g vFkZ ysus ij ^eqM+kb*
dks vkKklwpd fØ;k :i ekuuk iM+sxk ¼eqM+kb = eqM+kvks] eqaMu djkvks½A

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