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lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk
uksV mRiknu osQ lHkh lk/u mlh iqjkus oxZ osQ vf/dkj esa gksrs gSaA bl izdkj iqqjkuk oxZ u, oxZ dh izxfr dks jksdrk
gS vkSj ukuk izdkj ls mldk 'kks"k.k djrk gSA uohu oxZ dh ;g n;uh; n'kk ;k mldk lkekftd vfLrRo mlesa
fof'k"V izdkj gh psruk dks tUe nsrk gSA blfy, ekDlZ us fy[kk gS fd ¶euq"; dh psruk mlds vfLrRo dks
fu/kZfjr ugha djrh] oju~ mldk lkekftd vfLrRo gh mldh psruk dks fuf'pr djrk gSSA¸ /hjs&/hjs u, oxZ
esa ;g psruk n`<+ gksrh tkrh gS fd os cqjkb;k¡] ftuds dkj.k mldk 'kks"k.k gks jgk gS vkSj mldh izxfr #dh gqbZ
gS] iqjkuh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk dk gh vfHkUu vax gSa] vkSj tc rd lEiw.kZ iqjkuh O;oLFkk ;k ml iqjkus oxZ dks]
tksfd mldk mÙkjksÙkj 'kks"k.k djrk tk jgk gS] lekIr u dj fn;k tk, rc rd mu cqjkb;ksa ;k mRihM+u ls
NqVdkjk ugha fey ldrkA bl izdkj iqjkus oxZ (ftlds gkFkksa esa mRiknu osQ lk/u vf/dkf/d osQUnzhÑr gksrs
tkrs gSa) vkSj u, oxZ (tksfd iqjkus oxZ osQ 'kks"k.k dk mÙkjksÙkj f'kdkj gksrs tkrs gSa) osQ chp ruko iuius yxrk
gSA /hjs&/hjs bl la?k"kZ dk :i Li"V gks tkrk gS vkSj u;k oxZ iqjkus oxZ dks ozQkfUr osQ }kjk cyiwoZd m[kkM+
iQsaddj ,d uohu lkekftd O;oLFkk oQks tUe nsrk gSA
VkLd ekDlZ dk fl¼kar D;k gS\ laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA
¶lkekftd ifjorZu ;k izxfr esa fopkjksa] fl¼kUrksa] erksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dk Hkh LFkku gksrk gSA ;s lekt osQ HkkSfrd
thou ij rks vOk'; vkfJr gksrs gSa] fdUrq bUkdk lkekftd&'kfDr;ksa dks lesVus vkSj laxfBr djus esa egÙoiw.kZ
LFkku gSA u, fopkj vkSj fl¼kUr ubZ HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mRiUu gksrs gSaA buds }kjk tu&lk/kj.k dks HkkSfrd
thou dh =kqfV;ksa vkSj vkUrfjd fojks/ksa dk Kku gks tkrk gSA tc ;s fopkj turk dh fuf/ curs gSa] rks os
lkekftd ifjorZu osQ fy, vewY; gks tkrs gSaA budh i`"BHkwfe esa gh turk mu 'kfDr;ksa dk foèoal dj ldrh
gS tks lekt dh izxfr esa ck/d gSaaA¸
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djsaµ
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1- ,d vuks[kh ugha] oju~ ,d LokHkkfod ?kVuk gSA
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2- tc euq"; mRiknu osQ fy, thou vkfo"dkj djrk gS rks og mlls gksus okys dk vanktk ugha
yxk ikrkA
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3- ØkfUr osQ }kjk iqjkuh O;oLFkk ;k mRiknu osQ laca/ksa dks tkrk gSA
fl¼kUr dk ewY;kadu (Evaluation of Theory)
;|fi ekDlZ us lkekftd O;oLFkk vkSj mlesa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dk vk/kj mRiknu&iz.kkyh dks gh ekuk gS] fiQj
Hkh vius ys[kksa rFkk i=k&O;ogkjksa esa mUgksaus bl ckr dks Hkh Li"V fd;k gS fd muds fl¼kUr dk ;g vFkZ ugha
gS fd vkfFkZd ;k HkkSfrd dkjdksa osQ vfrfjDr vU; lHkh dkjdksa dks iw.kZr;k xkS.k ;k O;FkZ ekuk tk,A ,axsYl
osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶jktuhfrd] oS/kfud] nk'kZfud] /kfeZd] lkfgfR;d] dykREkd fodkl vkfn vkfFkZd fodkl ij
gh vk/kfjr gSaA ijUrq ;s lHkh ,d&nwljs dks vkSj vkfFkZd vk/kj dks Hkh izHkkfor djrs jgrs gSaA ,slk ugha gS fd
vkfFkZd izHkko ,dek=k dkj.k gS vkSj og gh lfozQ; gS] tcfd nwljs vkSj lHkh izHkko fuf"ozQ; gSaaA okLro esa
vkfFkZd vko';drk] tksfd vUr esa lnSo vius egÙOk dks izekf.kr djrh gS] osQ vk/kj ij fofHkUu dkjdksa esa
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