Page 87 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

bdkbZ—13: bZekby nq[khZe % ckSf¼d i`"BHkwfe

dk;Z okLrfod iz;ksxksa }kjk izkIr fd, x, rF;ksa osQ vk/kj ij blh ewy dkjd lekt dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk O;k[;k uksV
djuk gS] u fd ewY;ksa osQ vk/kj ij vuqeku yxkukA ijUrq bl lEcU/ esa nq[khZe us ckjEckj bl ckr ij vR;f/d
cy fn;k gS fd lkekftd ?kVukvksa dks tUe nsus esa lkewfgd psruk ;k leku fopkj] /kj.kk,¡ vkSj Hkkouk,¡ cgqr
gh egÙoiw.kZ gksrh gSaA

uksV~l ^lkewfgd izfrfuf/Ro* dk fl¼kar gS ftls fd lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk osQ {ks=k esa nq[khZe dk
lcls egÙoiw.kZ rFkk vk/kjHkwr ;ksxnku ekuk tkrk gSA

bl izdkj nq[khZe us vius lkekftd ?kVukvksa osQ vè;;u dks osQoy ,d lrgh vè;;u gh u j[kk cfYd izR;sd
fo"k; esa vR;Ur lko/kuh cjrrs gq, lkekftd thou osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk xgu vè;;u fd;kA vkius fdlh
Hkh fo"k; esa viuk fuf'pr er rc rd O;Dr ugha fd;k tc rd ml fo"k; ls lEcfU/r leLr oS"kf;d rF;ksa
dh dlkSVh esa mls [kwc dl u fy;kA muosQ }kjk izLrqr ^lkekftd Je foHkktu dk fl¼kar*] ^/eZ dk lkekftd
fl¼kar*] ^vkRegR;k dk fl¼kar* vkfn osQ fo'ys"k.k ls blh lR; dk irk pyrk gS

13-1 ckSf¼d i`"BHkwfe (Intellectual Background)

izsaQp nk'kZfud rFkk lekt'kkL=kh bekby nq[khZe dk tUe lu~ 1858 esa izQkal osQ ,ihuy esa gqvk FkkA isfjl esa oqQN
fnuksa f'k{kk izkIr djus osQ i'pkr~ nq[khZe teZuh pys x, vkSj ogha ij mUgksaus vFkZ'kkL=k_ yksd euksfoKku] lkaLÑfr
ekuo'kkL=k vkfn dk O;kid vè;;u fd;k vkSj vUr esa cksfMZ;Dl fo'ofo|ky; esa lkekftd foKku osQ izksisQlj
fu;qDr gq,A ml le; ml fo'ofo|ky; esa izfl¼ euksoSKkfud vYizsQM ,fLiukl Hkh izksisQlj Fks ftudk
lewg&efLr"d lEcU/h fopkj ,d mYys[kuh; fl¼kar gS vkSj buosQ bl fl¼kar ls feyrk&tqyrk gh nq[khZe dk
lewg&efLr"d dk fl¼kar gSA nq[khZe us ,fLiukl osQ fl¼kar dh foLr`r foospuk djosQ mls ifj"Ñr djus dk
iz;Ru fd;k rkfd mls ,d cks/xE; Lo:i izkIr gks losQA blosQ i'pkr~ vki isfjl fo'ofo|ky; esa lekt'kkL=k
rFkk f'k{kk osQ izksisQlj fu;qDr gq,A blosQ igys gh mUgsa lu~ 1893 esa blh fo'ofo|ky; ls MkWDVjsV dh mikf/
fey pqdh FkhA vkiosQ Fkhfll dk fo"k; Fkk% De la division du travail social (The Division of
Labour in Society)A ;gh vkidk loZizFke rFkk ,d egÙoiw.kZ xzaFk le>k tkrk gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa lu~ 1898 esa nq[khZe us L’ annee sociologique uked lekt'kkL=k lEcU/h ,d
if=kdk izdkf'kr djuh vkjEHk dh vkSj Lo;a gh mlosQ lEiknd jgsA lu~ 1917 esa bl
vlk/kj.k izfrHkklEiUu lekt'kkL=kh dh e`R;q gks xbZA
nq[khZe osQ izeq[k xzaFk fuEu gSa% De la division du travail social (Paris, 1893), Lee regles de la
methode sociologique (Paris, 1895), Le Suicide (Paris, 1897), Les formes elementaire
de la vie religieuse (Paris, 1912), Education et sociologie (Paris, 1922), Sociologie et
philosophy (Paris, 1924), and L’ education morale (Paris, 1925)A

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