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Unit-19: Observation Method
compiling information by establishing contact with all people is also difficult. Through such notes
method, an area cannot be studied.
6. slow study: since in participant observation intimate contact has to be established with
people and it takes more time that is why study through this method happens in a slow
speed. Hence, it is incapable in studying at a fast speed and drawing inference.
7. ignoring ordinary Matter: Participant observer stays for a long time in a group; hence, he
ignores many incidences as an ordinary incident. As compared to this a stranger observer
considers those incidences as new and attractive and studies them.
8. problem of recording: When observer himself is participating in the activities of the group
then the problem of recording the information arises before him. Along with observation
writing it may create a doubt about him among the people and if he records them after the
happening of the event, there is always a possibility of forgetting or missing any fact.
9. Difficulty in Role Adjustment: Participant observer has to play two roles at a time—first of an
observer and second of a member of the group. It is very difficult to make an adjustment.
Notes William White has written, “it is not a matter of a dramatic acting on an evening.
It means—doing successful acting at all times. I think it is only doubtful to find
such a successful actor who has an interest in research.”
19.5 Merits of Non-participant Observation
Demerits of participant observation are the merits of non-participant observation. Mainly following
are its merits or uses:
1. objectivity: in non-participant observation observer does not mix himself with the group
instead he sees the events like a neutral and impartial onlooker. With his presence events
do not get affected, hence, the objectivity and scientific approach of the study is maintained
and favouritism cannot come.
2. reliability: in such kind of studies, observer sitting at a distance notes down all the incidences
himself, hence the information collected by him is more reliable.
3. More Co-operation: In this observer does not mix and mingle with any specific group of the
community. Hence, he receives the respect and co-operation of all the people.
4. Less Expensive: in non-participant observation, as compared to participant observation,
less time and money is spent.
5. Spectator May Enjoy More than an Actor: As a spectator a non-participant observer may acquire
wide, minute and actual information which is not possible for participant observer because in
comparison to an actor, spectator can truly evaluate the object—situation of a drama.
19.6 Demerits or Limitations of Non-participant Observation
Despite the various merits of participant observation, it has below mentioned limitations:
1. Godey and Haute’s view is that pure non-participant observation is difficult. Observer has
to be participant to some extent.
loVely professional uniVersity 151
