Page 94 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_ENGLISH

Methodology of Social Research

notes sel assessment
fill in the blanks:
1. Much _________ is seen in people and things, like two things being made in a factory or two
twin brothers are not similar.
2. if there is very little difference in various units of all the facts, then some or any unit from
the whole will appropriately __________ the unity.
3. Any sample cannot cent-percent __________ the unity still accuracy may be found in adequate
amount.

12.2 Types of Sampling

Various statisticians and social researchers have mentioned various types of sampling. in our study
which kind of sampling we will select, depends upon many things like nature of universe, time,
money, labour, availability of experience etc. in selection methods and types of sampling, random
sampling, purposive sampling, stratified sampling, multi-stage sampling, area sampling, convenience
sampling, self selected sampling etc. are main.

1. Random Sampling

random sampling is that sampling in which each unit of universe has an equal opportunity of being
selected in it, ending the individual importance of the units of universe, in their place ‘possibility’
is established, in which there is possibility of selection of all the units in the sample. every unit is
provided to freedom of appearing in sample. in this method, researcher’s inclination is not towards
any special unit, but the entire process of selection is left on chance and randomness. that is why it
is called random sampling. Random sampling has been defined by various knowledgeable men in
the following manner:
As per Parton, “use of random selection is considered to be at that time when method of selection is
such that there is equal opportunity of selection of each unit and fact.”
As per Harper, “A random sample is that sample which has been selected in such a manner that each
unit of the universe had got an equal opportunity to be included.”
As per Goode and Hatt, in a random sample, units of universe are ordered in such a way that the
selection process offers an equal possibility of selection to each unit of that universe.
As per yule and Candle, “when there is an equal opportunity of selection to each unit of the universe,
then selection of unit from the universe is random sampling”.
in words of frankyets, “random sample will only be that in which every unit of universe has an equal
chance of being included in the sample.”
From the above definitions it is clear that random sampling is not full of carelessness, unorganised
or full of negligence and sudden.

Methods of Selecting Random Sample
there are many methods of selecting random sample. out of those, main ones are mentioned
below.
(a) Lottery Method: Under this process, same method is applied which is used in taking out
other types of lotteries. Names or numbers of all the units of universe are written in chits of
papers or small square cards, and then they are mixed well by placing a vessel, box or bag so

88 loVely professional uniVersity