Page 96 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_ENGLISH

Methodology of Social Research

notes labours that is why we will select number within 100 from the list mentioned by Mr. tippet.
Number that appears once it cannot be taken again. tippet method is considered to be more
scientific that is why it is used more.
(f) Grid Method: This method is used in area selection i.e. for selecting some specific areas
from a huge area, grid method proves useful. In this method first of all, for that huge area,
either the geographic map is prepared or it is obtained from somewhere. on that map grid
plate, which is made of celluloid or any other transparent material, is kept. in this plate,
square boxes are cut on which numbers are written, it is decided beforehand numbers have
to be taken in samples. Numbers are decided instantly. in this manner on whichever parts
of map, cut parts of the decided numbers come they are marked. these parts or areas are
only the units of sample.
(g) Quota Sampling: under this method first of all universe is divided in various categories.
After this it is decided that how many units need to be selected in each categories, and then
researchers spontaneity independently, select same number of units from each category.
Units selected in this manner are considered to be samples. Because in this method freedom
of selecting the units is given to the researcher, there is much possibility of bias in it.
Merits of Random Sampling—random sampling had its own merits which we may present in the
below-mentioned form.
(a) Quality of fairness is there in random sampling. in it there is no possibility of false inclination
or bias in selection of sample, any unit is not given any kind of priority or preference and
there is equal possibility of each unit getting selected in the sample.
(b) random sample is representative because in it due to the equal opportunity of section of
each unit, in unit of random sample maximum attributes of universe are existent.
(c) random sampling is the easiest method of sampling in which complex process or esoteric
rules do not need to be followed.
(d) in random sampling, possible inaccuracy can be detected. if sample is completely selected
through random sampling method, then though mathematical methods it can be correctly
guessed that how much the sample differs from the actual measurement.
Limitations of Random Sampling—there is no doubt that random sampling is easy, unbiased and
representative but still it has its own certain limitations, which we can present in the given manner:
(a) for successful selection of random sample it is important that a detailed and complete list
of all the units of universe is prepared. But generally, it is not an easy task especially in a
situation when universe is very large. that is why selection of sample completely based on
random sampling is not possible.
(b) Under it, researcher has no role in selection of sample. that is why such units are selected
which are wide spread or contacting whom is not easy. In such situation, it becomes difficult
to remain intact of the sample.
(c) there is no possibility of alternative in random sampling. if we get to know that we cannot
establish contact with which units of sample, but instead of that information may be gathered
by establishing contact with any other alternative units, still units selected through random
sampling cannot be changed.
(d) if all units of universe are not of the same size and they lack uniformity, then representative
units cannot be selected through random sampling method. in such situation this method
is not useful.

essential conditions

As per Parton, following things should be kept in mind while using random sampling:
(i) All units of universe must be clear and their list must be ready

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