Page 95 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_ENGLISH

Unit-12: Sampling

that they are properly unarranged. then keeping the eyes closed, as many number of cards notes
or chits are selected as many units have to be included in the sample. Whichever units come
in such random selection, they are studied.
(b) Card or Ticket Method: In this method, first of all name or number or any other symbol of
every unit of universe is imprinted on cards or tickets of same size, colour and thickness, and
they are mixed and filled in a round drum. All cards are mixed well by speedily rotating the
drum for fifty times. Then one card is taken out spontaneously. Again the drum is rotated
for fifty times and second card is taken out. This process is done as many numbers of times
as many numbers of samples have to be selected. Cards that come in such selection, units
related to those only are studied. this is the only difference in lottery method and card method
that in lottery method researcher himself takes out the card with his eyes closed, but in card
method any other person can also take out the card with his eyes open.
(c) Regular Marking Method: When all the units of universe are arranged in a special way,
time, place, etc. then selection of sample can be easily done by regular marking method. in
this method first of all a list is prepared by adding an ordinal to all the units of universe.
After this it is decided that from those units, how many units we need to select as sample
and then keeping the list and, by selecting any number every 5 or every 10 or according
th
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to any each number, regular numbers are selected. for e.g. if we have to select 10 students
from a universe of 100 students, first we will have to prepare a list of those 100 students.
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After that, since we have to select 10 students, every 10 student will come in our selection.
We may start this selection from any number marked in the list. suppose we start selecting
from ordinal 5, and then students with numbers 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85 and 95 will
be selected as samples.
(d) Irregular Marking Method: in this method also a list is prepared of all the units of the
universe and from that list, leaving the first and the last unit, researcher keeps putting as
many marks on the remaining units as many samples he has to select. in this it is expected
from the researcher that, leaving the first and the last number, he will select the sample in
irregular method without any bias, but in it bias is incorporated.
(e) Tippet Method: Prof. L.H.C tippet had made a list of 10400, 4-digit numbers. these numbers
have been ensured for the purpose of being used in random sampling method. these numbers
have been written without any sequence on many pages. When any researcher has to select
a sample for his study, then he takes as many numbers from any page (in the same order) of
the list prepared by Prof. tippet, as many number of samples he has to select. No number
should be left in between. In the numbers given by Tippet, first 20 numbers are as follows:
2952 6641 3392 9792
4167 9524 1545 1396
2370 7483 3408 2762
0560 5246 1112 6107
2754 9143 1405 9025
The method of selecting sample by this method can be clarified with the help of an illustration.
If from a universe of 100 labours, we have to select 10 labours then firstly we will prepare a
list of all the units of universe by arranging them in any order. then from any point in the
tippet’s list we when will take any 10 continuous numbers and will select the labours of that
ordinals which will be selected as sample. if sample of these 10 labours will also be selected
on the basis of above-mentioned tippet numbers then they will be like this—52, 67, 70, 60,
54, 41, 24, 33, 46 and 4.31. in the list of universe whichever units will have the ordinal of 52,
67, 70 etc. they will be give a place in a sample of 10 units. since our universe is only of 100

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