Page 231 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ27% osaQnzh; izo`fÙk dh eki% ekè;] ekfè;dk] cgqyd

27-2 lkaf[;dh; ekè; (Statistical Average) uksV

ekè; dk vFkZ (Meaning of Average)

loZJh ?kks"k vkSj pkS/jh (Ghosh and Chaudhry) osQ vuqlkj] ¶ekè; ,d ,slh vosQyh ljy
vfHkO;fDr gS ftlesa ,d tfVy lewg vFkok fo'kky la[;kvksa dk okLrfod ifj.kke ;k lkj osQfUnzr gSA¸

Jh ,ygkUl (Elhance) osQ erkuqlkj] ¶;g Li"V gS fd ,d ,slh la[;k ftldk fd iz;ksx lEiw.kZ Jsf.k;ksa
dk izfrfuf/Ro djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS og Js.kh esa u rks U;wure ewY; j[krh gS vkSj u gh mPpre
ewY;] vfirq og ewY; rks bu nksuksa lhekvksa osQ chp dk ,d ewY; gksrk gS vkSj lEHkor% bl ewY; dh
fLFkfr og osQUnz gksrk gS tgk¡ Jsf.k;ksa dh vf/dka'k bdkb;k¡ ,df=kr gks tkrh gSaA ,sls vad osQUnzh; izo`fÙk
dk eki vFkok ekè; dgykrs gSaA¸
mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd ekè; lEiw.kZ Jsf.k;ksa dk izfrfuf/Ro djus okyk vkSj osQUnzh;
ewY; dks izxV djus okyk ,d vad gksrk gS tks fd mu Jsf.k;ksa osQ U;wure ,oa vf/dre ewY; osQ
chp dh ,d fLFkfr esa gksrk gSA bl izdkj ekè; dks ns[kdj gh lEiw.kZ Jsf.k;ksa dh osQUnzh; fo'ks"krk
;k ewY; dk irk yxkuk gekjs fy, ljy gksrk gSA bl vFkZ esa ekè; fo'kky la[;kvksa dk laf{kIrhdj.k
djus dk ,d lk/u cu tkrk gSA

ekè;ksa dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa mn~ns'; (Utility and Objectives of Averages)

lkekftd vuqlU/ku esa rF;ksa dh foospuk] fo'ys"k.k ;k fu"d"khZdj.k esa ekè;ksa dh mi;ksfxrk mYys[kuh;
gSA fuEufyf[kr foospuk ls ekè;ksa dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa mís'; vkSj Hkh Li"V gks tk;saxsµ
(1) ekè;ksa dk loZizFke mís'; tfVy Jsf.k;ksa rFkk vadksa dh Jsf.k;ksa dk laf{kIrhdj.k djuk gSA ekè;
osQ }kjk fc[kjs gq, fofHkUu xq.kksa okys rF;ksa dks laf{kIr :i iznku fd;k tk ldrk gSA vadksa
osQ <sjksa ls oqQN Hkh irk ugha pyrk] ij ekè; ,d vad esa gksrs gq, Hkh vadksa osQ <sjksa osQ osQUnzh;
xq.k ;k ewY; dks izxV djrk gSA
(2) ekè;ksa dk ,d vkSj mís'; ;k mi;ksfxrk ;g gS fd blosQ }kjk rF;ksa dh rqyuk vR;fèkd ljy
gks tkrh gSA vusd vadksa okyh Jsf.k;ksa dh rqyuk cgqr dfBu gksrh gS ijUrq ;fn mUgsa ,d vad
dk :i iznku dj fn;k tk, rks rqyuk dk dke Lor% gh ljy gks tkrk gSA okLro esa tfVy
o fo'kky la[;kvksa dh rqyuk djus osQ mís'; ls gh ekè; fudkys tkrs gSaA

(3) tSlk fd loZJh ?kks"k rFkk pkS/jh us fy[kk gS fd fo'kky lewg dk ,d laf{kIr fp=k iznf'kZr
djuk gS ftlls fo'ys"k.k dk dke gekjs fy, ljy gks tk,A okLrfodrk rks ;g gS fd fo'kky
lewg dk ,d laf{kIr :i izxV djosQ fo'ys"k.k o O;k[;k osQ dk;Z dks ljy cukuk ekè; dk
,d mYys[kuh; mís'; gSA
(4) ekè; osQ }kjk vadksa dh nks ;k vf/d Jsf.k;ksa dk lewgksa osQ chp ik;s tkus okys lEcUèkksa rFkk
vuqikr dk vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gSA oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k o O;k[;k osQ fy, bl izdkj osQ lacaèkksa
o vuqikr dh tkudkjh vko';d gksrh gSA ekè; bl dk;Z esa gekjh enn djrk gSA
(5) ekè;ksa dh ,d mi;ksfxrk ;g Hkh gS fd ;s gekjs vè;;u&dk;Z dks laf{kIr cukus esa lgk;d
fl¼ gks ldrs gSaA ,d leqnk; dh lexz bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u gekjs fy, lEHko ugha gksrk vkSj
blhfy, ge fun'kZu&iz.kkyh (Sampling Method) osQ }kjk oqQN bdkb;ksa ls lEcfU/r rF;ksa dks
,df=kr djrs gSaA bu rF;ksa dks vkSj vkxs laf{kIr djus osQ fy, ekè;ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk
gSA bl izdkj fun'kZu rF;ksa dh lgk;rk ls ekè; lEiw.kZ lewgksa dk fp=k mifLFkr djus esa lgk;d
gksrs gSaA

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