Page 274 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV 28-8 ekud fopyu (Standard Deviation)

bldks izeki fopyu Hkh dgk tkrk gSA laosQr osQ :i esa bls S. D. vFkok s (Small sigma) ls O;Dr fd;k
tkrk gSA ekè; fopyu fudkyus esa ,d cM+k nks"k ;g jg tkrk gS fd ge fopyu osQ èku ($) vkSj Í.k (µ)
fpÉ ij dksbZ è;ku ugha nsrs vkSj fopyu dks èkukRed eku ysrs gSaA ekud fopyu esa bl nks"k dks nwj fd;k
tkrk gSA fopyu osQ èku ($) vkSj Í.k (µ) fpÉksa osQ varj dks lekIr djus osQ fy;s fopyu dk oxZ
(Square) fudky fy;k tkrk gS vkSj rc ekud fopyu Kkr djrs gSaA

VkLd ekud fopyu fdls dgrs gSa\ laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA

ekud fopyu dh x.kuk (Compution of Standard Deviation)

ekud fopyu Kkr djus osQ fy;s ge fuEufyf[kr x.kuk djrs gSaA
2
(1) loZizFke ge lekarj ekè; ls izkIr fopyuksa dk oxZ (d ) Kkr dj ysrs gSaA
2
(2) fopyuksa osQ oxks± dk ;ksx Kkr djrs gSa (åd )
∑ d 2
(3) bl ;ksx dks inksa dh la[;k (N) ls Hkkx nsrs gSa
N

∑ d 2
(4) izkIr la[;k dk oxZewy Kkr dj ysrs gSa
N

bl izdkj ekud fopyu dk lw=k gSµ
∑ d 2
S. D. or s =
N
ge d dks vkSj vfèkd Li"V djus osQ fy;s bls (x – M) fy[k ldrs gSa bl izdkj

∑ (xM ) 2
−
s =
N
;gk¡ s = ekud fopyu

x = py jkf'k vFkkZr~ in ekyk osQ fofHkUu in dk eku
M = inksa dk lekarj ekè;
N = inksa dh oqQy la[;k
d = (x – M)

∑ d 2
lw=k s = ls ekud fopyu Kkr djus dks izR;{k fofèk }kjk ekud fopyu Kkr djuk dgk tkrk gSA
N
;fn fn;s x;s inksa dk lekarj ekè; iw.kZ la[;k ugha vkrh rks d dk eku n'keyo esa vkrk gS vr% x.kuk dfBu
gks tkrh gSA bl fLFkfr ls cpus osQ fy;s ge laf{kIr fofèk dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

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