Page 275 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ28% fopyu dh eki % ekud fopyu

laf{kIr fofèk dk lw=kµ uksV

∑ (x − ) A 2  ∑ (x − ) A  2
S. D. or s = −  
N  N 
bl lw=k esa
x = py jkf'k vFkkZr~ in ekyk osQ fofHkUu in dk eku

A = dfYir ekè;
N = inksa dh oqQy la[;k
;fn ge (x – A) dks d´ ls O;Dr djsa rks lw=k bl izdkj gks tk;sxkµ

∑ ´ d  ∑ ´ d  2
2
s =  
N  N 
ekud fopyu Kkr djus osQ fy;s lw=k (i) vkSj lw=k (ii) dk iz;ksx ljy Js.kh (Simple Series) osQ fy;s fd;k
tkrk gSA [kafMr Js.kh (Discrete Series) rFkk lrr Js.kh (Continuous Series) esa ekud fopyu (S.D.)
Kkr djus osQ fy;s bu lw=kksa esa FkksM+k ifjorZu gks tkrk gSµ

[kafMr Js.kh (Discrete Series) esa lw=kµ

(i) izR;{k fofèk esa
∑ fd 2
s=
N

mijksDr lw=k esa
s = ekud fopyu
f = inksa dh vko`fÙk;k¡
d = (x – M) tgk¡ M lekarj ekè; gS
N = vko`fÙk;ksa dk oqQy ;ksx

(ii) laf{kIr fofèk dk lw=kµ
∑ ' fd 2  ∑ ' fd  2
s= −    
N N
mijksDr lw=k esa
s = ekud fopyu
f' = inksa dh vko`fÙk;k¡
d = (x – A) tgk¡ A ,d dfYir ekè; gS

N = vko`fÙk;ksa dk oqQy ;ksx
lrr Js.kh (Continuous Series) esa lw=kµ

(i) izR;{k fofèk
∑ fd 2
s =
N

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