Page 280 - DCOM404_CORPORATE_LEGAL_FRAMEWORK

Unit 12: The Factories Act, 1948

(c) Employment of Young Person on Dangerous Machine Section 23 prohibits the
employment of a young person on dangerous machine unless he has been fully
instructed as to the dangers arising from machine and the precautions to be observed
and (i) has received sufficient training in work at the machine, or (ii) is under
adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and experience of
the machine.
(d) Striking Gear and Devices for cutting off power in order to move the driving belt to
and from fast and loose pulleys in transmission machine and prevent the belt from
creeping back onto the fast pulley, suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical
appliance shall be provided, maintained and used. No driving belt when unused
shall be allowed to rest or ride upon shafting in motion. Suitable devices are also
maintained in every workroom for cutting off power emergencies.
(e) Self-acting Machines: Section 25 of the Factories Act provides further safeguards to
the workers injured by self-acting machines. It provides:
No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory and no material carried
thereon shall, if the space over which it runs is a space over which any person is
liable to pass, whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be allowed to
run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of forty five centimeters
from any fixed structure which is not part of the machine.
(C) Casing of New Machinery: Section 26 (I) provides that in all machinery driven by power,
every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel or pinion shall be sunk,
encased or effectively guarded as to prevent danger. Further, all spur, worm and other
toothed or friction gearing not requiring frequent adjustment while in motion shall be
completely encased, unless they are safely situated.
Section 26 (2) provides that, whoever sells or lets on hire or, as agent of the seller or hirer,
cares or procures to be sold or let on hire, for use in a factory any machinery driven by
power which does not comply with the provisions of sub-section (I), or any rules made
under sub-section (3), shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to three months or with fine which may extend to 500 or with both. Under the Act,
the State Government is empowered to make rules for the safeguards to be provided from
dangerous part of the machinery.
(D) Hoists and Lifts: Section 28 (I) requires that hoists and lifts must be of good mechanical
construction, sound material and adequate strength. They should be properly maintained
& thoroughly examined at least twice a year by competent persons.
(E) Revolving Machinery: Section 30 (I) provides that a notice indicating the maximum safe
working peripheral speed of the grindstone or abrasive wheel, the speed of the shaft, or
spindle, must be permanently affixed on all rooms in a factory where grinding is carried
on the speeds indicated in notices under sub-section (I) shall not be exceeded.

Care shall be taken not to exceed tile safe working peripheral speed of every revolving
machine like revolving vessel, cage, basket, fly-wheel, pulley, disc or similar appliances
run by power.
(F) Pressure Plant: Section 31 (I) provides that effective measures should be taken to ensure
safe working pressure of any part of the plant or machinery used in the manufacturing
process operating at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure.
(G) Pits, Sump and Opening in Floors: Section 33 (I) requires that every fixed vessel, sump,
tank, pit or opening in the ground or in the floor in every factory should be covered or
securely fenced, if by reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, they are or
can be a source of danger.

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