Page 158 - DMGT104_FINANCIAL_ACCOUNTING

Financial Accounting

Notes 8. The Use by Others of Enterprise Resources Yielding Interest, Royalties and Dividends
8.1 The use by others of such enterprise resources gives rise to:
(i) interest-charges for the use of cash resources or amounts due to the enterprise;
(ii) royalties-charges for the use of such assets as know-how, patents, trademarks
and copyrights;
(iii) dividends-rewards from the holding of investments in shares.
8.2 Interest accrues, in most circumstances, on the time basis determined by the amount
outstanding and the rate applicable. Usually, discount or premium on debt securities
held is treated as though it were accruing over the period to maturity.

8.3 Royalties accrue in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement and are
usually recognised on that basis unless, having regard to the substance of the
transactions, it is more appropriate to recognise revenue on some other systematic
and rational basis.
8.4 Dividends from investments in shares are not recognised in the statement of profit
& loss until a right to receive payment is established.
8.5 When interest, royalties and dividends from foreign countries require exchange
permission and uncertainty in remittance is anticipated, revenue recognition may
need to be postponed.
9. Effect of Uncertainties on Revenue Recognition

9.1 Recognition of revenue requires that revenue is measurable and that at the time of
sale or the rendering of the service it would not be unreasonable to expect ultimate
collection.
9.2 Where the ability to assess the ultimate collection with reasonable certainty is lacking
at the time of raising any claim, e.g., for escalation of price, export incentives,
interest etc., and revenue recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainty
involved. In such cases, it may be appropriate to recognise revenue only when it is
reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made. Where there is no
uncertainty as to ultimate collection, revenue is recognised at the time of sale or
rendering of service even though payments are made by installments.
9.3 When the uncertainty relating to collectability arises subsequent to the time of sale
or the rendering of the service, it is more appropriate to make a separate provision
to reflect the uncertainty rather than to adjust the amount of revenue originally
recorded.
9.4 An essential criterion for the recognition of revenue is that the consideration
receivable for the sale of goods, the rendering of services or from the use by others
of enterprise resources is reasonably determinable. When such consideration is not
determinable within reasonable limits, the recognition of revenue is postponed.

9.5 When recognition of revenue is postponed due to the effect of uncertainties, it is
considered as revenue of the period in which it is properly recognised.
(Accounting Standard comprises paragraphs 10-14 of this Statement. The Standard should
be read in the context of paragraphs 1-9 of this Statement and of the ‘Preface to the Statements
of Accounting Standards’.)

10. Revenue from sales or service transactions should be recognised when the requirements
as to performance set out in paragraphs 11 and 12 are satisfied, provided that at the time of

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