Page 268 - DMGT304_EVENT_MANAGEMENT

Unit 12: Crowd Management and Evacuation

participating amongst a crowd. As a result, they may partake in deviant behaviors. This type of Notes
behavior where people abandon their norms and act similar to the rest of the crowd is labeled
de-individuation.

12.2.3 Problematic Differences

The problematic differences relate to types of crowds. Crowds are diverse just as individuals
display various types of personality traits. The overall crowd consists of smaller crowds. At a
stadium there may be a group of women, men, children, and/or a group of disabled persons.
The goal in creating a safe event is to consider these differences. In "Understanding and Planning
for Different Spectator Crowds," Alexander E. Berlonghi discusses four types of crowds:
Ambulatory Crowd – People walk in and out of or to and from a venue. (Example: carnival
or trade show)

Crowd of Spectators – People are present to watch an event, not to communicate with each
other. (Example: football game or concert)

Participatory Crowds – People are involved with the activity. (Example: volunteers come
on stage to perform with clown)
Expressive or Revelous Crowds – People have an emotional release. (Example: cheering or
dancing)

12.3 Evacuation

Evacuation is the immediate and rapid movement of people away from the threat or actual
occurrence of a hazard.
12.3.1 Reasons for Evacuation

Evacuations may be carried out before, during or after natural disasters such as:
eruptions of volcanoes,
cyclones

floods,
hurricanes,
earthquakes

tsunamis or
bushfire
Other reasons include:
military attacks,
industrial accidents,

chemical spill
nuclear accident
traffic accidents, including train or aviation accidents,

fire,
bombings,

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