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Unit 13: Communication and Leadership

must be exchanged. In the words of Shobhana Khandwala, “For this, management has to Notes
sell ideas, motivate the workers to work with a will, and build up higher morale in the
company. Communication, as an influence process, plays a vital role here. It becomes,
thus, a part of education, propaganda, leadership and guidance function of the
management”.
6. Under an effective system of communication, it is quite convenient for the employees to
express their grievances, and bring all their problems to the notice of the management.
Proper communications between the interested parties reduce the point of friction and
minimize those that inevitably arise. Hence by effective communication, a group having
‘skill’ and ‘will’ to do can be built up. Communication helps in securing the largest possible
participation or consultation in decision making, planning and general administration.
This will give a democratic character to the managerial process and strengthen the morale
of the staff.

13.2 Types of Communication

13.2.1 Based on Level

Levels of communication are:
1. Intrapersonal communication: It is the language used or thought internal to the
communicator. Intrapersonal communication is the active internal involvement of the
individual in symbolic processing of messages. Both the roles of the sender and receiver,
is assumed by the individual himself and he also provides feedback to herself in an
ongoing internal process. It can be useful to envision intrapersonal communication
occurring in the mind of the individual in a model which contains a sender, receiver, and
feedback loop.
2. Interpersonal communication: It is the level in which communication channels are the
medium chosen to convey the message from sender to receiver. Communication channels
can be either direct or indirect. Direct channels are those that are obvious and can be easily
recognized by the receiver. They are also under direct control of the sender. Indirect
channels are those channels that are usually recognized subliminally or subconsciously
by the receiver, and not under direct control of the sender.
3. Group communication refers to the nature of communication that occurs in groups that
are between 3 and 12 individuals. Small group communication generally takes place in a
context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering.
4. Public communication: It’s at the heart of our economy, society, and politics. Studios use
it to promote their films. Politicians use it to get elected. Businesses use it to burnish their
image. Advocates use it to promote social causes. It’s a field built on ideas and images,
persuasion and information, strategy and tactics. No policy or product can succeed without
a smart message targeted to the right audience in creative and innovative ways.

13.2.2 Based on Form/Medium Used

Communication can be classified on the basis of the medium employed:

1. Verbal Communication: It means communicating with words, written or spoken. Verbal
communication consists of speaking, listening, writing, reading, and thinking. It may
further be classified as Oral or Written Communication.

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