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Management Practices and Organisational Behaviour

Notes the process of meaningful interaction among human beings to initiate, execute, accomplish, or
prevent certain actions. Communication is, thus, the life blood of an organisation. Without
communication, an organisation is lifeless and its very existence is in danger.

Political Communication

Political communication is a field of communications that is concerned with political scenario in
a country or communication that often influences political decisions and vice versa.
The area of political communication concern 2 main areas:

1. Election campaigns: the campaigning for various candidates during elections is political
communications
2. Government operations: this role is usually fulfilled by a Ministry of Communications,
Information Technology or similar political entity. Such an entity is in charge of
maintaining communication legislation and would be responsible for setting
telecommunications policy and regulations as well as issuing broadcasting licenses,
comments press releases, etc.

Intercultural Communication

Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from different cultures.
According to Samovar and Porter, intercultural communication occurs whenever a message is
produced by a member of one culture for consumption by a member of another culture, a
message must be understood. Because of cultural differences in these kinds of contacts, the
potential for misunderstanding and disagreement is great. To reduce this risk, it is important to
study intercultural communication.
The importance of intercultural communications is increasing due to:
1. Globalisation of world markets: Doing business beyond our borders is now commonplace.
Not only are market borders blurring, but acquisitions, mergers, and alliances are obscuring
the nationalities of many companies. As markets expand, national boundaries and national
allegiance mean less and less. What has happened is globalisation of markets where
world tends to act as one marketplace. In this global marketplace, more and more markets
are opening to worldwide competition enabling businesses to look for new growth
opportunities for their goods and services. To be successful in this interdependent global
village, companies are finding it necessary to adapt to other cultures.
2. Technological Advancements: amazing new transportation and information technologies
are major contributors to the development of our global interconnectivity. Supersonic
planes now carry goods and passengers to other continents overnight. Equally significant
in creating the global village are incredible advancements in communication technologies.
The Internet now permits instantaneous oral and written communication across time
zones and continents. People in companies use high-speed data systems to transfer and
exchange information and plans instantly with their counterparts in foreign locations.
The new communication technologies allow teams from all over the world to work on
projects and share information without leaving their desks. At the same time, advanced
technologies allow manufacturers to produce their goods in foreign locations that offer
abundant supply of low cost labour.
3. Multicultural Workforce: As world commerce mingles more and more, another trend
gives intercultural communication increasing importance. People are on the move. Lured
by the prospects of peace, prosperity, education or a fresh start, persons from many cultures
are moving to countries promising to fulfill their dreams. As a result, today’s workforce

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