Page 56 - DMGT501_OPERATIONS_MANAGEMENT

Technological Definition Description
Capability
Reverse Ability to imitate an existing For example, Sharp Corp. imported a crystal
Engineering product. radio set from USA in 1925; reverse engineered it
and made Japan’s first radio, the Sharp – Dyne.
Operations Management
Product Development of a new Innovations that lead to improvements of existing
Innovation product. products or development of new products. The
innovations could be incremental, architectural,
modular or radical.
Notes Process Improvements in process for Improvements in the manufacturing process,
Innovation product manufacturing. integration of steps in the manufacturing process
leading to reductions in cycle time or reductions
in the number of process types, improving the
manufacturing process yields.
Application Utilisation of an existing idea Incorporation of a new idea, design method or
Innovation or concept for a new testing concept to improve, sometimes
application, or a new design, dramatically, existing products and processes. For
method or measurement example, the development of Nylon into material
technique. for use as tyre cords.
System Innovations involving Introduction of new systems through linking or
Innovations integration of sub-systems integration of a variety and sub-systems, and
and several innovations. involving product, process and application
innovations. For example, application of fuzzy
logic to improve continuous cold rolling mills in
steel manufacturing.
Core Competence Ability to leverage and Firm’s capability to innovate in all phases of
Leveraging enhance innovative activity innovation process, such as design, engineering,
Innovations from its areas of core testing and manufacturing, forms its core
competence: competence.
1. Expansion of innovation 1. An example is Hitachi’s ability to design and
in the different phases of produce 1MB DRAM in 1985, extended to 16
innovation. MB by 1990.
2. Extension of core 2. For example, Hitachi’s developments of the
competence horizontally world’s largest Ga-As single crystal and then
into a new field. using this technology in satellite
3. Fusing core competence broadcasting.
in different areas. 3. For example, thermostatic ceramic textiles are
a fusion of core competencies in textiles,
space and chemical technologies.

2.13 Reliability

Reliability serves as a measure of quality of the product and service design. The quality associated
with a product often increases with the dependability of the product customer experience.

Example: Patients expect the hospitals to have competent staff. People expect mobile
networks to be congestion free etc.

One of the emerging disciplines is Design for Reliability (DFR) that refers to the process of
designing reliability into products. This process encompasses several tools and practices and
describes the order of their deployment that an organization needs to have in place in order to
drive reliability into their products. Typically, the first step in the DFR process is to set the
system's reliability requirements. Reliability must be "designed in" to the system. During system
design, the top-level reliability requirements are then allocated to subsystems by design engineers
and reliability engineers working together.
Reliability design begins with the development of a model. Reliability models use block diagrams
and fault trees to provide a graphical means of evaluating the relationships between different
parts of the system. These models incorporate predictions based on parts-count failure rates
taken from historical data. While the predictions are often not accurate in an absolute sense, they
are valuable to assess relative differences in design alternatives.
One of the most important design techniques is redundancy. This means that if one part of the
system fails, there is an alternate success path, such as a backup system.

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