Page 168 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8: Lora=krk

Lora=krk osQ ijEijkxr /kj.kkvksa dh vi;kZIrrk uksV
(Inadequacy of Traditional Concepts of Freedom)
Lora=krk dh bu nks ijEijkxr /kj.kkvksa ls vlarq"V] blosQ ledkyhu fl¼kardkj Lora=krk dh oqQN vko';d
egÙoiw.kZ lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus osQ fy, la?k"kZjr gSA Lora=krk osQ fy, ;s lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;k¡
jkT; }kjk thou osQ oqQN {ks=kksa esa HkkSfrd rFkk O+kQkuwuh vojks/h osQ fo#¼ lqj{kk dh xkjaVh rFkk HkkSfrd lzksrksa (tSls
vk;] f'k{kk vFkok LokLF; vkfn) osQ lkekftd izko/kuksa rd lhfer ugha gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] os blesa nks vU;
izko/ku tksM+uk pkgrs gSa ftu ij vHkh iw.kZ lgefr ugha gSA Lora=krk osQ fy, rhljh izko/ku gS fdlh O;fDr
osQ lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ dh ml lekt esa lqj{kk tgk¡ og jgrk gSA ;g lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ ml izfØ;k dk og Hkkx
gksrk gS ftuosQ ekè;e ls O;fDr viuh Lok;Ùk vfHk#fp;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA lkaLÑfrd vf/dkjksa dh ek¡x
osQ ihNs Hkh ;gh egÙoiw.kZ gSA budk ekuuk gS fd yksx fdlh Hkh lekt esa mruh nsj rd leku :i ls Lora=k
ugha gS ftruh nsj rd fofHkUu lkaLÑfr;ksa dk leku vknj ugha fd;k tkrkA Lora=krk dh pkSFkh /kj.kk ^lkewfgd
Lora=krk* dh /kj.kk gS tks lHkh yksxksa osQ oksV nsus osQ vf/dkj tSlh jktuhfrd Lora=krk vFkok fopkjkfHkO;fDr
osQ vf/dkj ls dgha vf/d c<+dj gSA
mÙkj&vk/qfudoknh ys[kdksa us Hkh Lora=krk dh vk/qfud /kj.kk dh vkykspuk dh gSA os bls fujarj c<+rs fu;a=k.kksa
dh O;oLFkk okys vk/qfud lekt dh okLrfodrk dks Nqikus dk ,d udkc ekurs gSaA iwQdk osQ vuqlkj
vk/qfudrk mRihM+d jktdh; <k¡psa dk gh ugha cfYd LowQyksa ,oa ukSdj'kkgh tSlh fu;ked laLFkkvksa dk O;kid
iSekus ij izlkj gS tks ukxfjdksa dks bl izdkj dk;Z djus osQ fy, e”kcwj djrs gSa tks mudh Lora=krk esa ugha cfYd
ijra=krk esa o`f¼ djrs gSaA vk/qfudrk osQ cqf¼okfn;ksa }kjk bl vn`'; vkf/iR; dh voKk djrs gq, Lora=krk dh
/kj.kk dk iz;ksx djuk xyr gSA blosQ vfrfjDr oqQN ukjhoknh ys[kdksa us Hkh Lora=krk osQ orZeku fl¼karksa ij
izgkj gS] tks muosQ vuqlkj] iq#"k iwokZxzgksa ij vk/kfjr gS vkSj efgykvksa dh Lora=krk osQ izlkj esa leL;k iSnk
dj ldrs gSaA mudk roZQ gS fd Lora=krk dh /kj.kk vHkh rd osQoy iq#"k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa vuqHkoksa dks è;ku
esa j[kdj fufeZr dh xbZ gSA Lora=krk dh bl /kj.kk dks Lohdkj djus dk vFkZ gS efgykvksa }kjk dh tkus okyh
dbZ izdkj dh xfrfof/;ksa dh voKk djuk tks efgykvksa osQ fgr esa ugha gksxkA ;gk¡ rd nkok fd;k x;k gS fd
Lora=krk dh bl /kj.kk osQ mQij vR;f/d osQUnzhdj.k efgyk fojks/h gks ldrk gS vFkkZr~ mnkgj.k osQ fy,
Lora=krk dks ca/uksa osQ vHkko osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djuk ukjh dh X+kSj&ekuoh; vofLFkfr dk n`<+rkiwoZd leFkZu
djus dk ,d lk/u gks ldrk gSA la{ksi esa] ukjhokn rFkk mÙkj&vk/qfudokn nksuksa us Lora=krk osQ udkjkRed rFkk
ldkjkRed i{kksa dks dM+h pqukSrh nh gSA
lexz :i esa] Lora=krk dh udkjkRed ,oa ldkjkRed i{kksa esa foHkktu dks vkt vi;kZIr ekuk tkrk gS vkSj blls
vkxs tkus osQ iz;Ru fd;s tk jgs gSaA

8-2 ts- ,l- fey ,oa Lora=krk dk egÙo
(John Stuart Mill and the Value of Liberty)

fey dh Ñfr ‘On Liberty’ Lora=krk ij vkt rd fy[ks x;s ys[kksa esa mÙke ekuh tkrh gSA ;g jkT;] lkekftd
nckoksa] tuer rFkk jhfrfjoktksa osQ fo#¼ O;fDr dh fopkjkfHkO;fDr rFkk viuh ethZ ls dk;Z djus dh Lora=krk
osQ fy, ,d 'kfDr'kkyh vuqjks/ gSA Lora=krk dh O;k[;k djrs gq, fey osQ lkeus ,d fof'k"V y{; FkkµO;fDr
osQ vkRe&fodkl dk y{;A fey osQ vuqlkj] izR;sd O;fDr dks viuh ethZ rFkk vuqHko osQ vk/kj ij thus dk
fo'ks"kkf/dkj gSA jhfrfjoktksa rFkk ijaijkvksa dk vuqlj.k djus okys O;fDr dh dksbZ igpku ugha gksrh] mlosQ

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