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bdkbZ—8: Lora=krk
,aFkksuh chjp osQ vuqlkj] udkjkRed Lora=krk osQ leZFkdksa dks ;g vuqHko dj ysuk pkfg, fd vkt osQ uksV
iztkrkaf=kd jkT; lkeqnkf;d lgefr vkSj ekU;rkvksa ij gh vk/kfjr fd, tk ldrs gSaA O;fDr dh ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj
{kerkvksa esa o`f¼ djuk okLro esa Lora=krk esa o`f¼ djuk gSA blh rjg ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ leFkZdksa dks Hkh
;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd O;fDr dks udkjkRed Lora=krk Hkh dkiQh ek=k esa feyuh pkfg,A Lora=krk jkT; }kjk
Fkksih ugha tk ldrhA udkjkRed vkSj ldkjkRedµ;s Lora=krk osQ nks i{k gSaA O;ogkfjd Lrj ij O;fDr dks nksuksa
dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj ;fn nksuksa i{k ,d&nwljs osQ n`f"Vdks.k dks le> yssa] rks Lora=krk osQ vFkZ vkSj egÙo
dks le>uk dkiQh vklku gks tk,xkA
VkLd Lora=krk osQ udkjkRed ,oa ldkjkRed igyqvksa ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A
8-1-2 udkjkRed rFkk ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ izfreku dh lhek,¡ vkSj blls vkxs tkus osQ iz;Ru
(Limits of Negative and Positive Liberty Paradigm and Need
to go Beyond)
Lora=krk ,d=k;h /kj.kk (Freedom As a Triadic Concept)
1967 esa vejhdk osQ ,d izfl¼ O+kQkuwuh n'kZu'kkL=kh xsjkYM eSDdyqfeu us ,d izHkko'kkyh ys[k esa ;g roZQ fn;k
fd udkjkRed rFkk ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ leFkZd Lora=krk dh ,dy ifjHkk"kk ij vkdj fey tkrs gSa] vUrj
osQoy buosQ vfHkeq[k gksus dk fHkUu n`f"Vdks.k gSA cfyZu }kjk LFkkfir fd;s x;s udkjkRed rFkk ldkjkRed
Lora=krk osQ nks i{kksa esa erHksn osQoy bl ckr dks ysdj gS fd Lora=krk dh dkSu&lh /kj.kk loZJs"B gS ftls
okLro esa Lora=krk dk uke fn;k tk ldrk gSA D;k ;g rF; bu nksuksa i{kksa osQ chp oqQN vkSj vf/d ewy lgefr
dh rjiQ b'kkjk ugha djrk\ os vius erHksn dks Lora=krk dh ifjHkk"kk osQ lanHkZ esa oSQls ns[k ldrs gSa ;fn mUgsa
;g vglkl ugha gS fd os nksuksa ,d gh fo"k; osQ ckjs esa ckr dj jgs gSa\ eSDdyqfeu dk mÙkj Fkk fd okLro
esa Lora=krk dh osQoy ,d gh ewy/kj.kk gS ftl ij ppkZ osQ nksuksa i{k vfHkeq[k gksrs gSaA udkjkRed rFkk
ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ fl¼kardkjksa osQ chp erHksn bl ,dy /kj.kk dh O;k[;k dks ysdj gSA eSDdyqfeu osQ
vuqlkj Lora=krk dh dbZ O;k[;k,¡ dh tk ldrh gSaA nqHkkZX; ls cfyZu osQ Ñf=ke foHkktu us bls osQoy nks
i{kksaµudkjkRed rFkk ldkjkRedµrd lhfer dj fn;k gSA
eSDdyqfeu Lora=krk dh /kj.kk dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSµ(i) ,d drkZ vFkok ,tsUV] lewg]
(ii) Lora=k gS oqQN izfrc/ksa vFkok jksdus okyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls] (iii) oqQN djus vFkok oqQN cuus osQ fy,A vr%
Lora=krk ,d=k;h lEcU/ gS (Liberty is a triad relationship) vFkkZr~ ;g rhu rRoksa osQ chp lEcU/ gS
(i) O;fDr vFkok drkZ] (ii) oqQN ca/udkjh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ (iii) rFkk drkZ }kjk oqQN djus vFkok cuus dh bPNkA
Lora=krk vFkok ijra=krk osQ ckjs esa fdlh Hkh dFku dh O;k[;k mijksDr =k;h Lo:i osQ lanHkZ esa dh tk ldrh
gSµtSls Lora=k vFkok ijra=k dkSu gS] og fdlls Lora=k vFkok ijra=k gS vkSj oqQN djus cuus ls lEcfU/r
Lora=krk vFkok ijra=krk D;k gS\ fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr fo'ks"k esa Lora=krk dh mifLFkfr vFkok vuqifLFkfr dk nkok
bu ekU;rkvksa vFkok iwokZuqekuksa ij vk/kfjr gksxk fd O;fDr vFkok drkZ dkSu gS] Lora=krk ij lhek,¡ dkSu&lh
gS vkSj os mís'; dkSu&ls gSa ftls izkIr djus osQ fy, drkZ Lora=k vFkok ijra=k gSA
eSDdyqfeu osQ fo'ys"k.k osQ vuqlkj udkjkRed rFkk ldkjkRed Lora=krk esa dksbZ f}Hkktu ugha gSA cfYd gesa
;g Lohdkj djuk pkfg, fd Lora=krk dh ,dy /kj.kk dh dbZ lEHko O;k[;k,¡ gks ldrh gSaA eSDdyqfeu us
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 161
