Page 161 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV udkjkRed Lora=krk osQ oqQN rRo è;ku nsus ;ksX; gSA igyk] udkjkRed Lora=krk ,d ,slk {ks=k lqfuf'pr djrh
gS tgk¡ O+kQkuwu pqi gks rFkk O;fDr fcuk fdlh gLr{ksi osQ oqQN dj ldrk gSA cfyZu osQ 'kCnksa esa udkjkRed
Lora=krk bl iz'u dk mÙkj gS fdµog dkSu&lk {ks=k gS tgka O;fDr vFkok leqnk; dks fcuk fdlh vU; O;fDr
vFkok leqnk; osQ gLr{ksi osQ og lc oqQN djus osQ fy, NksM+ fn;k tk;s tks og djus osQ ;ksX; gSA gkykafd
bl fo"k; ij fofHkUu ys[kdksa esa erHksn vo'; gS fd Lora=k NksM+us osQ bl {ks=k dh lhek,¡ D;k gksuh pkfg,A
nwljh] udkjkRed Lora=krk esa fufgr lhek,¡ (viuh ethZ ls dk;Z djus ij) O;fDr }kjk yxkbZ tkus okyh gSa
vFkkZr~ ;s izkÑfrd v{kerk vFkok vHkko ls iSnk gksus okyh lhek,¡ ugha gSaA
udkjkRed Lora=krk dh vkykspuk (Criticism of Negative Liberty)

udkjkRed Lora=krk dh vkykspuk eq[;r% rhu vk/kjksa ij dh tkrh gS% nk'kZfud] uSfrd ,oa vkfFkZdA

nk'kZfud Lrj ij vkykspdksa dk dguk gS fd izkjafHkd mnkjoknh rFkk mi;ksfxrkoknh ys[kdksa us O;fDr dh izÑfr
dks lgh <ax ls ugha igpkukA O;fDr u rks bruk LokFkhZ gS vkSj u gh bruk ckSf¼d tSlk fd bu ys[kdksa us izLrqr
fd;kA blh rjg O;fDr dk bfrgkl vyx&vyx vkSj vosQys ?kweus fiQjus okys O;fDr;ksa dk bfrgkl ugha gS
ftUgksaus ,d fnu vpkud ukxfjd lekt dk fuekZ.k dj fy;kA blosQ foijhr O;fDr ges'kk leqnk; esa jgrk
vk;k gS vkSj ,d lkekftd izk.kh gSA mlosQ thou osQ lHkh vkn'kZ lkekftd Lrj ij fuf'pr gksrs gSaA os
lkekftd O+kQkuwu tks bu vkn'kks± osQ fy, cuk;s tkrs gSa] ”k:jh ugha fd O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks de gh djsaA

uSfrd Lrj ij ;g roZQ fn;k x;k fd Lora=krk dk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd O;fDr dks viuh ethZ ls dksbZ dk;Z
djus dh NwV gS cfYd os dk;Z djus dh gksuh pkfg, tks uSfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls Bhd gksaA uSfrd ewY; Lora=krk osQ
fo#¼ ugha gksrs] os Lora=krk osQ lgh iz;ksx dh xkjaVh nsrs gSaA

D;k vki tkurs gSa udkjkRed Lora=krk ogk¡ rd v/wjh gS tgka rd ;g uSfrd ewY;ksa osQ egÙo dks vLohdkj
djrh gSA

vkfFkZd Lrj ij udkjkRed Lora=krk vFkZghu gSA ;g vkfFkZd Lora=krk dks LosPNkpkfjrk osQ lanHkZ esa ifjHkkf"kr
djrh gS vFkkZr~ vFkZO;oLFkk dks ekax vkSj iwfrZ osQ izkÑfrd fu;e rFkk eqDr&izfr;ksfxrk osQ lgkjs NksM+ fn;k tk;sA
;g Lora=krk dks vkfFkZd lqj{kk vFkok vHkko ls eqfDr osQ lanHkZ esa ugha ns[krhA udkjkRed Lora=krk vkSj
eqDr&izfr;ksfxrk laifÙk dks oqQN gkFkksa esa osQafnzr dj nsrh gS vkSj cgqla[;d yksxksa osQ 'kks"k.k dks tUe nsrh gSA
udkjkRed Lora=krk okLro esa futh&laifÙk dh lqj{kk osQ lkFk rknkRE; LFkkfir djrh gS rFkk lekt osQ xjhc
oxZ dks mu voljksa dk ykHk mBkus ls Hkh oafpr dj nsrh gS ftuosQ os O+kQkuwuh :i ls gdnkj gksrs gSaA vr%
,sfrgkfld n`f"Vdks.k ls udkjkRed Lora=krk dh /kj.kk v/wjh vkSj vi;kZIr Hkh fl¼ gqbZA bl /kj.kk dks osQoy
ekDlZokn us gh pqukSrh ugha nh ftldk fopkj Fkk fd futh laifÙk osQ jgrs gq, Lora=krk Hkh izkIr ugha gks ldrh
cfYd ckn esa vkus okys mnkjoknh ys[kdksa us Hkh Lora=krk dks iquiZfjHkkf"kr fd;k rFkk bls ldkjkRed Lora=krk
dk uke fn;kA

2- ldkjkRed Lora=krk (Positive Liberty)

Lora=krk dh ldkjkRed /kj.kk Lora=krk dks lekt] lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;k¡] vf/dkj] lekurk vkSj U;k;
osQ lkFk tksM+rh gSA ;g O;fDr vkSj lekt dh ml ifjofrZr vo/kj.kk ij vk/kfjr gS tks lektoknh rFkk
mnkjoknh ys[kdksa dh vkykspuk osQ ifj.kkeLo:i vfLrRo esa vkbZA ,sfrgkfld n`f"Vdks.k ls ;g ifjorZu Vh-,p-

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