Page 157 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV oSls&oSls mu lk/uksa dh rjiQ Hkh è;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k tkus yxk tks jkT; vFkok lkekftd laLFkk,¡ bl Lora=krk
dks izkIr djus osQ fy, miyC/ djok ldrs FksA ifj.kkeLo:i Lora=krk dh /kj.kk dkiQh O;kid gks xbZ] gkykafd
Lora=krk dh iqjkuh /kj.kk lekIr ugha gqbZA Lora=krk osQ fodkl osQ lanHkZ esa bUgsa udkjkRed vkSj ldkjkRed i{kksa
osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA budh foLrkjiw.kZ ppkZ ge uhps djsaxsA
Lora=krk dh /kj.kk dks lgh ifjizs{; esa le>us osQ fy, vko';d gS fd bls ^Lora=krk esa fufgr leL;kvksa* osQ
lanHkZ esa Hkh le>k tk;sA ;s leL;k,¡ eq[;r% rhu gSa% (i) Lora=krk dh izÑfr] (ii) Lora=krk dh lqj{kk rFkk
(iii) Lora=krk izkfIr esa ck/k,¡A izkjafHkd mnkjokn us Lora=krk dk vFkZ ewyr% O;fDr dh Lora=krk ls fy;k vFkkZr~
izR;sd O;fDr dks viuk lq[k <w¡<+us vkSj viuh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djus dh NwVA izkjafHkd mnkjoknh ys[kdksa osQ
vuqlkj] izR;sd O;fDr vius O;fDrxr lq[k vkSj dY;k.k ls izsfjr gksrk gSA ;s ys[kd eè;dkyhu :f<+okfnrk]
lkearoknh] vKku vkSj izFkkvksa osQ fo#¼ tw> jgs Fks vkSj mudk fopkj Fkk fd bu ck/kvksa ,oa dfBukb;ksa dk
lkeuk osQoy O;fDrxr miØe }kjk gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% bUgksaus Lora=krk osQ lkekftd i{k dh rjiQ
è;ku ugha fn;kA mudk fo'okl Fkk fd ,d ckj ;fn rkuk'kkgh ljdkjksa dh fueZe 'kfDr ls NqVdkjk fey tk,
rks ekuo tkfr viuh [kq'kgkyh osQ fy, jkLrk fudky ldrh gSA bl Lora=krk dh izkfIr osQ fy, os mu lHkh
laLFkkvksa osQ leFkZd Fks tks O;fDr dh jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd vkdka{kkvksa dh vfHkO;fDr dj losaQA
vr% mUgksaus izfrfuf/ ljdkj] O+kQkuwu dk 'kklu] jktuhfrd vf/dkj] 'kfDr;ksa dk i`FkDdj.k] U;k;ikfydk dh
Lora=krk] vkfFkZd Lora=krk] eqDr&ck”kkj vFkZO;oLFkkk tSlh laLFkkvksa ij cy fn;kA
dkykarj esa] jktuhfrd nyksa dks Lora=krk dh lqj{kk dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ lk/u Lohdkj fd;k x;kA Lora=krk osQ
{ks=k esa egÙoiw.kZ nsu lafo/kuokn O+kQkuwu dk 'kklu rFkk vf/dkjksa osQ izki=k (Bill of Rights) gSaA vk/qfud
jkT;ksa esa fn, tkus okys ukxfjd] jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd vf/dkj mnkjokn dh fojklr gh ugha gS cfYd ;s
fdlh Hkh jkT; }kjk iznku dh tkus okyh Lora=krk osQ ekunaM Hkh gSaA mnkjoknh laLFkk,¡ ^yksxksa* dh Lora=krk dh
lqj{kk osQ mik; gSa] ijUrq nqHkkZX;o'k fdlh Hkh mnkjoknh ns'k esa ^yksxksa* dh ;g la[;k oqQy tula[;k dk FkksM+k&lk
Hkkx gh gksrh gSA Lora=krk osQ lanHkZ esa mnkjokn dk ;g ,d cgqr cM+k nks"k gSA lektokn bl nks"k dks nwj djosQ
,d u, lekt dk fodkl djus dk ne Hkjrk gSA
Lora=krk dh ekDlZoknh /kj.kk oLrqoknh gSA ;g Lora=krk dh leL;k dk vkjaHk Lora=krk osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh
ck/kvksa ls djrh gSA blosQ vuqlkj O;fDr osQ dY;k.k] [kq'kgkyh rFkk Lora=krk osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh ck/kvksa
dh lwph osQoy mRihM+d] rku'kkgh vkSj vR;kpkjh ljdkj ls eqfDr ik ysus ls gh lekIr ugha gks tkrhA O;fDr
dh [kq'kgkyh osQ ekxZ eas buls Hkh cM+h vkSj fodV ck/k,¡ gSa tSls ;q¼] xjhch] vKku] chekjh] Hkq[kejh] iyk;u
vkfnA bu ck/kvksa ij fot; ikus osQ fy, O;fDrxr igy osQ LFkku ij ekDlZoknh ekuotkfr osQ lkewfgd iz;Ru
dh vis{kk djrk gSA lkewfgd iz;Ru dh bl izfØ;k esa gks ldrk gS fd yksx mu Lora=krkvksa ls gkFk /ks cSBsa
ftUgsa mnkjokn loksZPp vkSj ifo=k ekurk gSA lektoknh fl¼kar dh ;g oSlh gh foMacuk jgh tSlh fd mnkjoknh
fl¼kar dh gSA

uksV~l ekDlZokn rFkk mnkjokn nksuksa gh Lora=krk osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh ck/kvksa ls mRiUu gksus okyh leL;kvksa
dks lqy>kus esa vleFkZ jgs gSaA

ge tks thou fcrk jgs gSa og xq.kewydrk osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls oSQlk gSµvkt osQ ;qx esa Lora=krk laca/h fpUru dk
;g ewy iz'u gSA euq"; dks osQoy viuk thou dkVuk ugha gS] mls laiw.kZrk ls thuk gS vFkkZr~ os ifjfLFkfr;k¡

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