Page 158 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8: Lora=krk

tks thou dks xq.kewyd vkSj la[;kewyd nksuksa n`f"Vdks.kksa ls vFkZiw.kZ cuk losQA Lora=krk dh ledkyhu /kj.kk,¡ uksV
bu iz'uksa osQ bnZ&fxnZ ?kwe jgh gSaA

8-1-1 Lora=krk osQ nks n`f"Vdks.k% udkjkRed ,oa ldkjkRed (Two Views of Liberty:
Negative and Positive)

fiNys rhu lkS lkyksa esa] le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ vuq:i Lora=krk dh /kj.kk esa ifjorZu vkrk jgk gSA ,d
ys[kd osQ vuqlkj] ,Me fLeFk ls ysdj gkWCgkml rd Lora=krk dh cnyrh gqbZ /kj.kk fiNys 150 lkyksa osQ
jktuhfrd fpUru osQ fodkl dks le>us dk mÙke rjhdk gSA bl ifjorZu dks ge ^udkjkRed* vkSj ^ldkjkRed*
i{kksa osQ uke ls iqdkjrs gSa ftlesa Lora=krk dh /kj.kk ^dkuwu dk ekSu* (silence of law) ls /hjs&/hjs
^lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh mifLFkfr* (presence of socio-economic-political
conditions) esa cny xbZA vkb;s budk FkksM+k foLrkj ls vè;;u djsaA

1- udkjkRed Lora=krk (Negative Liberty)

izkjafHkd mnkjokn osQ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj ls Lora=krk dh ftl /kj.kk dk tUe gqvk mls udkjkRed Lora=krk
dgk x;kA bldh Li"Vre vfHkO;fDr tkWu ykWd] MsfoM g~;we] ,Me fLeFk] FkkWel isu] gjcVZ LisUlj] cSaFke]
tsEl fey] ts-,l- fey tSls ys[kdksa dh jpukvksa esa gqbZA chloha 'krkCnh esa bl /kj.kk osQ leFkZd gSa% ekbZdy
vkWd'kkWV] blk;k cfyZu] feYVu iQkbMeSu] gk;sd] uksf”kd vkfnA
izkjafHkd mnkjokn dk vk/kj O;fDrokn FkkA blus izR;sd O;fDr dks vkRe&thfor bdkbZ vkSj lekt dks
vkRe&larq"V] vkRe&bfPNr ,oa LokFkZiwfrZ esa yxs gq, O;fDr;ksa dk lewg ekukA O;fDr vkSj blosQ fgrksa dks
loksZifj ekurs gq, izkjafHkd mnkjokn us Lora=krk dks mu lHkh izdkj osQ ca/uksa dk vHkko ekuk tks O;fDr ij
mldh bPNk osQ fo#¼ yxk;s x;s gSaA bl lanHkZ esa Lora=krk dk vFkZ fy;k x;k% ca/uksa dk vHkkoA ;s ca/u
vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] /kfeZd] uSfrd lHkh ekus x,A jktuhfrd Lrj ij bldk vFkZ Fkk jkT; dh euekuh 'kfDr
dk ca/u] lekt osQ vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd dk;ks± esa jkT; dk vgLr{ksi rFkk U;wure jkT; dk fopkjA vkfFkZd
Lrj ij Lora=krk dk vFkZ Fkk LosPNkpkfjrk (Laissez-faire) vFkkZr~ O;fDr dks vkfFkZd ekeyksa esa Lora=k NksM+
nsuk] ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ osQ izkÑfrd fu;e ij vk/kfjr vFkZO;oLFkk esa jkT; }kjk fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ gLr{ksi dk
vHkko rFkk bl fopkj esa fo'okl fd ^vkfFkZd lalkj Lo;a&fu;fer gS] bls vosQyk NksM+ fn;k tk,A* O;fDrxr
Lrj ij Lora=krk dk vFkZ Fkk izR;sd O;fDr dks vius O;fDrxr ekeyksa esa Lora=k NksM+ fn;k tk,] jkT; vkSj lekt
futh ekeyksa esa gLr{ksi u djsA O;fDrxr Lora=krk vkSj lkekftd fgr esa dksbZ fojks/kHkkl ugha gS] O;fDrxr fgrksa
dh iwfrZ esa gh lkekftd fgr dh iwfrZ fufgr gSA O;fDr osQ fgr esa gh lekt dk fgr gSA

gkWCl us Lora=krk dks ^O+kQkuwu dk ekSu* ekuk] vFkkZr~ ftruh nsj rd jkT; dk dkuwu dksbZ izfrca/ ugha yxrk]
O;fDr viuh ethZ dj ldrk gSA ykWd us Hkh jkT; dks izHkqlÙkk vkSj tksj&tcjnLrh dh 'kfDr dks 'kadk osQ
n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk vkSj bl ij O+kQkuwu }kjk lhek,¡ yxkus dk iz;Ru fd;kA blosQ vuqlkj] O+kQkuwu vkSj Lora=krk
,d&nwljs osQ fojks/h ugha gS_ O+kQkuwu dk mís'; O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks c<+kuk vkSj lqjf{kr djuk gSA tgk¡ O+kQkuwu
ugha gS] ogk¡ Lora=krk dh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA blh rjg cSatkfeu dk fopkj Fkk fd de ls de /kfeZd]
oSpkfjd rFkk laifÙk dh Lora=krk dh jkT; dh euethZ osQ f[kykiQ lqj{kk vo'; gksuh pkfg,A ekWUVssLD;w us
Lora=krk dks ,d ,slk vf/dkj ekuk ftldh jkT; vkKk nsrk gSA ;gk¡ ,d ckr è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd vBkjgoha
vkSj mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa tc Lora=krk dks O+kQkuwu osQ ekè;e ls lqjf{kr djus ij cy fn;k tk jgk Fkk] ml le;

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 153