Page 162 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8: Lora=krk

xzhu] ckslkaosQ] gkWCgkml] fyaMls] ckoZQj] ykLdh] eSdkbZoj vkfn dh jpukvksa ls Li"V gqvkA eSdiQjlu] jkWYl] uksV
cfyZu bl /kj.kk osQ ledkyhu leFkZd gSaA
mnkjoknh fopkj/kjk esa ldkjkRed ifjorZu mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ vafre n'kdksa esa vkjaHk gqvk tc ;g vuqHko
fd;k x;k fd bl n'kZu dks O;fDrokn dh laoqQfpr uhao ij LFkk;h :i ls [kM+k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl u;s
n`f"Vdks.k dk ;g fo'okl Fkk fd mnkjokn dh osQanzh; /kj.kk lkekftd fgr (O;fDrxr fgr osQ foijhr) dk
fopkj gS ftlesa lHkh yksx Hkkxhnkj cu lossaQA Lora=krk dk ekunaM osQoy O;fDrxr bPNk vFkok mldh Lora=k
bPNk ij U;wure ca/u ugha gksrsA D;ksafd Lora=k bPNk dk iz;ksx ,d ifjfLFkfr fo'ks"k esa gksrk gS vkSj dbZ ckj
ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ,slh gksrh gSa fd Lora=k bPNk ,d etkd cudj jg tkrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] vkSipkfjd Lrj ij
bPNkiwfrZ dk vf/dkj fuckZ/ gks ldrk gS ijUrq vukSipkfjd rkSj ij ifjLFkfr;ksa ij vuar lhek,¡ gks ldrh gSaA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ,d fodykax O;fDr dks Ñf=ke vax dh lqfo/k nsuk ;k ,d vui<+ O;fDr dks f'k{kk nsuk
;k ,d csdkj O;fDr dks ukSdjh nsuk Lora=krk dh /kj.kk osQ ldkjkRed igyw gSA osQoy ;g dgdj NksM+ nsuk
fd fodykax dks Ñf=ke vax ysus ls jksdk fdlus gS ;k vui<+ dks i<+us ls jksdk fdlus gS] Lora=krk dh v/wjh
O;k[;k gS D;ksafd ;fn blesa O;fDr dks euk ugha fd;k x;k] rks mls oqQN feyk Hkh rks ughaA vFkkZr~ Lora=krk dk
vFkZ ;fn Lora=k bPNk vFkok p;u ls gSa rks og Lora=k bPNk oqQN voljksa dh ek¡x djrh gSA voljksa dk vFkZ
gS og lekt tks bl rjg osQ lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd <k¡pksa ,oa laLFkkvksa dk fuekZ.k djs tgk¡ bl
Lora=k bPNk dh iwfrZ izHkko'kkyh cu losQA Lora=krk ,d O;fDrxr /kj.kk osQ lkFk&lkFk lkekftd /kj.kk Hkh gSA
tSlk fd xzhu us Li"V fd;k] ^Lora=krk ca/uksa dk vHkko ugha gS cfYd lekt osQ nwljs yksxksa osQ lkFk feydj
og lc oqQN djus vkSj Hkksxus dh ldkjkRed 'kfDr gS tks djus vkSj Hkksxus ;ksX; gSA* ;g mu vkn'kks± vkSj mís';ksa
dk vuqlj.k djus dh ldkjkRed 'kfDr gS ftudk laca/ lkekftd fgr ls gSA ;g O;fDr dh {kerkvksa dk
fodkl djus dh osQoy O+kQkuwuh gh ugha cfYd okLrfod laHkkouk gSA la{ksi esa] Lora=krk dk vfHkizk; gS O;fDr
dh lkekftd HkykbZ esa ;ksxnku nsus dh {kerk rFkk lekt }kjk mRikfnr dh xbZ oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa eas Hkkxhnkj
gksus dk leku vf/dkjA
blh rjg ckslkaosQ dk fopkj Fkk fd Lora=krk nks rRoksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSµO;fDr dh izÑfr rFkk Lora=krk dh
izÑfrA O;fDr lkekftd laiw.kZrk dk ,d Hkkx gS vkSj osQoy lkekftd lanHkZ esa gh bldk vè;;u fd;k tk
ldrk gSA O;fDr dh tM+sa lekt esa gSA Lora=krk ekuo thou dk ,d vfuok;Z xq.k gS D;ksafd ;g O;fDr osQ
O;fDrRo] mldk ^Lo;a* gksus dh fu'kkuh gSA ;g O;fDr osQ vkarfjd fodkl dh cká ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSaA ckslkaosQ
osQ vuqlkj] udkjkRed Lora=krk dk vFkZ Fkk ca/uksa dk vHkko vFkkZr~ Lora=krk fdlls (freedom from)]
tcfd ldkjkRed Lora=krk dk vFkZ gS Lora=krk fdlosQ fy, (freedom to) vFkkZr~ mu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh
mifLFkfr tks O;fDr osQ Lora=k vkSj laiw.kZ fodkl osQ fy, vko';d gSa vkSj ftUgsa lqjf{kr djuk jkT; dk drZO;
gSA

Lora=krk ij ykLdh osQ fopkj (Laski’s Views on Liberty)

ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh loksZÙke vfHkO;fDr gesa ykLdh dh iqLrd ‘A Grammar of Politics’ esa feyrh gSA
blesa ykLdh us Lora=krk dh rhu Lrjksa ij tk¡p dh gSµ]
1- Lora=krk dh izÑfr (Nature of Liberty)
2- Lora=krk osQ Lo:i (Forms of Liberty)
3- Lora=krk dh lqj{kk (Safeguards of Liberty)

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