Page 164 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8: Lora=krk

Lora=krk ij ykLdh osQ fopkjksa dk rhljk i{k gS Lora=krk dh lqj{kkA ykLdh dk fo'okl gS fd tulk/kj.k osQ uksV
fy, Lora=krk fcuk fo'ks"k xkjaVh osQ miyC/ ugha gks ldrhA blosQ fy, ykLdh rhu 'krks± dh ppkZ djrs gSa%
(i) Lora=krk mruh nsj rd lqjf{kr ugha gks ldrh tc rd lekt esa fo'ks"kkf/dkj gSaA fo'ks"kkf/dkj dh mifLFkfr
tulk/kj.k esa fujk'kk dh Hkkouk dks tUe nsrh gS ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i yksx vius fgrksa dks iwjk djus dh {kerk
[kks cSBrs gSaA tSlk fd os fy[krs gSa] ^fo'ks"kkf/dkj vkSj Lora=krk vkil esa esy ugha [kkrsA Lora=krk osQoy lekurk
osQ lanHkZ esa gh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSa*_ (ii) ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh nwljh 'krZ gS vf/dkjksa dh mifLFkfr ml
lekt esa Lora=krk dHkh Hkh izkIr ugha gks ldrh tgk¡ tu lk/kj.k osQ vf/dkj oqQN yksxksa dh Ñikn`f"V ij fuHkZj
djrs gksaA vf/dkjksa dh mifLFkfr dk vFkZ gS mu vfuf'prrvksa dh vuqifLFkfr tks lkekftd gkfu dk ,d cM+k
dkj.k curh gS_ (iii) ljdkj turk osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h gksuh pkfg,A jkT; osQ dk;Z i{kikriw.kZ ugha gksus pkfg,A
;gk¡ vf/dkjksa dh miyfC/ bruh egÙoiw.kZ gks tkrh gS fd os Lora=krk dh U;wure xkjaVh cu tkrs gSaA os bl
ckr dh lqj{kk dj nsrs gSa fd jktuhfrd 'kfDr oqQN yksxksa dh HkykbZ osQ fy, iz;qDr ugha dh tk,xhA

ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ ledkyhu ys[kd (Contemporary Writers on Positive Liberty)

ldkjkRed Lora=krk dk oqQN ledkyhu fpUrdksa us xgjk vè;;u fd;k gS ftuesa eSdiQjlu] jkWYl] cfyZu] tkWu
xzs vkfn osQ uke mYys[kuh; gSaA cfyZu us vius ys[k ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ esa tgk¡ udkjkRed Lora=krk
dks ^O;fDr osQ thou esa jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd gLr{ksi dk vHkko* ekuk] ogk¡ mldh ldkjkRed Lora=krk
dh /kj.kk dkiQh O;kid gSA ldkjkRed Lora=krk okLro eas O;fDr dh ^vkRek&Lokeh rFkk vkRe&funZsf'kr gksus]
vius mís';ksa ls izsfjr vkSj Lo;a fu.kZ; ysus rFkk dk;Z djus dh Lora=krk gS* ctk; blosQ fd ;s fu.kZ; vkSj vkns'k
fdlh vkSj }kjk fn, tk,¡A* ldkjkRed Lora=krk dk vFkZ gS ^,d laiw.kZ ekuo osQ :i esa thukA* cfyZu dh
ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh /kj.kk esa rhu rRoksa dk feJ.k gSa% (i) ;g O;fDrxr LokfeRo vkSj funsZ'k gS] (ii) Lora=krk
vkRe&LokfeRo vkSj vkRe&funsZ'k izkIr yksxksa }kjk mu yksxksa }kjk mu yksxksa dks vkKk,¡ nsuk gS tks vHkh bl voLFkk
dks izkIr ugha dj ik;s gSa_ rFkk (iii) Lora=krk jkT;&lÙkk dks fu;af=kr djus okyh iztkrkaf=kd /kj.kk gSA

eSdiQjlu viuh iqLrd ‘Democratic Theory’ esa Lora=krk dks O;fDr dh fodklh; 'kfDr esa o`f¼ osQ lanHkZ
esa ns[krs gSaA fodkl ls mudk vfHkizk; gSµO;fDr }kjk viuh {kerkvksa dks fodflr vkSj iz;ksx djus dh ;ksX;rkA
Lora=krk dk vFkZ gS ^O;fDr osQ thou vkSj Je osQ lk/uksa rd igq¡p osQ ekxZ esa ck/k,¡ gVkukA* la{ksi esa] Lora=krk
O;fDr dh 'kks"k.kdkjh 'kfDr;ksa esa deh vkSj fodklh; 'kfDr esa o`f¼ dk uke gSA
,d vU; ys[kd tkWu xzs osQ vuqlkj] ldkjkRed Lora=krk dk jktuhfrd lkj ;g gS fd ;fn O;fDr osQ
vkRefodkl dh miyfC/ osQ fy, oqQN lzksrksa] lqfo/kvksa vkSj 'kfDr;ksa dh vko';drk gS rks ;s lzksr Lora=krk
dk ,d vfHkUu vax ekus tkus pkfg,A bUgha vk/kjksa ij vk/qfud mnkjokn us dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dh /kj.kk dks
Lora=krk esa o`f¼ djus okyh laLFkk osQ :i esa fodflr fd;k gSA ;g bl ckr dk laosQr gS fd O;fDr osQ thou
osQ fodkl osQ fy, ftu lqfo/kvksa dh vko';drk gS] jkT; mUgsa iznku djus osQ lk/u j[krk gSA

blh rjg jkWYl dk roZQ gS fd Lora=krk esa vf/dre o`f¼ dh ek¡x dks ;fn Bksl :i nsuk gS rks bls oqQN ekSfyd
Lora=krkvksa esa foHkkftr dj nsuk pkfg, tSls Hkk"k.k dh Lora=krk] leqnk; cukus vkSj ?kweus&fiQjus dh Lora=krk
vkSj thou 'kSyh dh Lora=krk vkfnA bu ekSfyd Lora=krkvksa dh dksbZ fuf'pr lwph ugha gksrh cfYd ;s fdlh
Hkh lekt dh ,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ fy, vko';d 'krks± rFkk Lok;Ùkrk fpUru vkSj dk;Z dh 'kfDr osQ
iz;ksx esa fufgr gksrh gSaA

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