Page 177 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV vR;f/d egÙoiw.kZ gSaA vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk vk/qfud iztkrkaf=kd lektksa dk ,d vfHkUu vax ekuh tkrh gS
tgk¡ ;g lsaljf'ki dk fojks/ djrh gSA ,slk Hkh roZQ fn;k tkrk gS fd vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk fdlh Hkh iztkra=k
osQ fy, vfr vko';d gS D;ksafd pquko osQ le; oksVjksa }kjk mEehnokjksa osQ ckjs esa mUeqDr ppkZ osQ vk/kj ij
fu.kZ; ysuk okaNuh; gSA osQoy viuh oko~Q'kfDr osQ vk/kj ij gh yksx ljdkj dks izHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA blh
rjg ljdkjh inkf/dkfj;ksa dks Hkh mudh vkykspuk djosQ mUgsa mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj vko';drk
iM+s rks mUgsa cnyk tk ldrk gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ;fn ukxfjd vius vlarks"k dh vfHkO;fDr djuk NksM+
ns] bl Mj ls fd ljdkj muls cnyk ysxh] rks ljdkj turk osQ izfr ftEesokj ugha jgrhA vr% dbZ ckj ,slk
Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ;gh eq[; dkj.k gS fd ljdkjsa oko~Q dh Lora=krk ij D;ksa izfrca/ yxkrh gS rkfd
mÙkjnkf;Ro ls cpk tk losQA

oko~Q rFkk vfHkO;fDr osQ vf/dkj dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; rFkk {ks=kh; ekuo vf/dkj dkuwu osQ vUrxZr Hkh ekU;rk feyh
gqbZ gSA bl vf/dkj dks ukxfjd rFkk jktuhfrd vf/dkjksa osQ vUrjkZ"Vªh; vfHkle; (International

Convention on Civil and Political Rights) osQ vuqPNsn 19 osQ vUrxZr ekuo vf/dkjksa dh ;wjksih;
vfHkle; (European Convention on Human Right) osQ vuqPNsn 10] ekuo vf/dkjksa dh vejhdh
vfHkle; (American Convention of Human Rights) osQ vuqPNsn 13 rFkk ekuoh; rFkk tu vf/
dkjksa osQ vizQhdh pkVZj (African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Right) osQ vuqPNsn 9 esa fufgr
fd;k x;k gSA blh rjg (Summit of Information Society) us Hkh vius fl¼kar ?kks"k.kki=k (Declara-

tion of Principles) esa fopkjkfHkO;fDr osQ vf/dkj ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k gSA blosQ vuqlkj] ^ge bl ckr dks
iqu% nksgjkrs gSa fd fopkj rFkk vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk izR;sd O;fDr dk vf/dkj gSA bl vf/dkj dk vFkZ
gS fcuk fdlh ckgjh gLr{ksi osQ vius fopkjksa osQ izfr fo'okl] fdlh Hkh ekè;e ls rFkk fcuk fdUgha jk"Vªh;
lhekvksa osQ lwpuk ,oa fopkj ryk'kus] izkIr djus ;k iznku djus dk vf/dkjA lEizs{k.k ,d ewy lkekftd
izfØ;k gS] ,d ekuoh; vko';drk rFkk lHkh lkekftd laxBuksa dh vk/kjf'kykA ;g ,d lwpuk lekt
(Information Society) osQ fy, osQUnzhHkwr gSA izR;sd LFkku ij izR;sd O;fDr dks Hkkxhnkjh dk volj feyuk
pkfg, rFkk lwpuk lekt }kjk fn, tkus okys ykHkksa ls fdlh dks Hkh oafpr ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A*

fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk osQ vf/dkj dk fodkl
(Development of the Right to Freedom of Expression)

oko~Q ,oa vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk dk dkiQh yEck bfrgkl gS rFkk ;g vk/qfud mnkjoknh iztkrkaf=kd fopkj/kjk
dk ,d vfHkUu vax jgk gSA fopkjkfHkO;fDr osQ vf/dkj osQ izkjfEHkd ys[kdksa esa baXyS.M osQ izfl¼ dfo rFkk
jktuhfrd ys[kd tkWu feYVu dk uke mYys[kuh; gSA mlus viuh iqLrd ,jksikxhfrdk (Aeropagitica)
(1644) esa oko~Q dh Lora=krk osQ i{k esa dbZ roZQ fn,A mlus fy[kk fd fdlh Hkh jkT; dh ,drk O;fDrxr
erHksnksa dks ,d lw=k esa cka/dj ykbZ tkrh gS u fd le:irk dks mQij ls Fkksidj_ fd fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij mlls
lEcfU/r vf/dre fHkUu fopkjksa dh tk¡p iM+rky djus dh ;ksX;rk fdlh Hkh izdkj dh f'k{kk izkfIr osQ fy,
vfuok;Z gS_ fd tc rd ge lHkh n`f"Vdks.kksa dh tk¡p u dj ys mruh nsj rd lR; rd ugha igq¡pk tk ldrk_
fd Lora=k fopkj vFkok fpUru dk è;ku j[krs gq, lasljf'ki tSls dk;Z HkkSfrd mUufr esa Hkh ck/d gSA feYVu
dk ekuuk Fkk fd ;fn lHkh rF;ksa dks [kksydj j[k fn;k tk, rks bl eqDr izfrLi/kZ esa lR; vlR; dks gjk nsxkA
feYVu osQ vuqlkj izR;sd O;fDr dks viuk lR; Lo;a m?kkjus dk vf/dkj gS] dksbZ Hkh O;fDr bruk le>nkj
ugha gSa fd og nwljksa osQ fy, lsalj dk dke dj losQA

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