Page 178 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8: Lora=krk

feYVu osQ vfrfjDr] ts- ,l- fey us viuh iqLrd On Liberty esa fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk osQ vf/dkj uksV
dh tksjnkj odkyr dhA og fy[krk gS fdlh Hkh fopkj dks vfHkO;Dr djus ;k ml ij ppkZ djus dh ,d
uSfrd /kj.kk osQ :i esa vf/dre Lora=krk gksuh pkfg, pkgs ml fopkj dks fdruk gh vuSfrd D;ksa u ekuk
tk;sA fey dk roZQ Fkk fd vfHkO;fDr dh vf/dre Lora=krk blfy, vko';d gS rkfd fdlh Hkh roZQ dks
lkekftd yTtk dh lhekvksa ls fudkydj mldh rkfoZQd lhekvksa rd igq¡pk;k tk losQA fey dk fopkj Fkk
fd tc rd fopkj rFkk Hkkoukvksa&oSKkfud] uSfrd] /kfeZdµdh lEiw.kZ Lora=krk dks xkjaVh ugha nh tkrh] rc
rd dksbZ Hkh lekt iw.kZ:i ls Lora=k ugha gksxkA tSlk fd igys Li"V fd;k tk pqdk gS] fey dk izfl¼ okD;
Fkk_ ¶;fn lkjs ekuo lekt osQ fopkj ,d gS vkSj og O;fDr dk fopkj mlls fHkUu gS rks lkjh ekuo tkfr
dks Hkh ;g vf/dkj ugha gS fd og ml ,d O;fDr osQ fopkj dks nck ns vkSj u gh ml O;fDr dks vf/dkj
gS fd ;fn mlosQ ikl 'kfDr gS rks og lkjh ekuotkfr dks nck nsA¸ fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ u;s xSj&ijaijkxr fopkj
dks nckuk osQoy xyr gh ugha cfYd gkfudkjd Hkh gSA ;g ekuotkfr }kjk ,d u;k fopkj osQ lkFk :c# gksus
dk volj [kks nrh gS] tks gks ldrk gS lR; vFkok csgrj gks (;k v/Z lR; Hkh gks ldrk gS)A lHkh izdkj dh
ppkZvksa dks nckus dk vFkZ gS HkzekrhrRo (Infallibility) fl¼kUr esa fo'oklA
fey us fopkj rFkk oko~Q dh Lora=krk osQ fl¼kUr dks rhu vk/kjksa ij U;k;ksfpr Bgjk;k_ (i) nck;k tkus okyk
fopkj lgh gks ldrk gS (ii) ;fn nck;k x;k fopkj xyr gS rks Hkh og vkaf'kd :i ls lgh gksxk D;ksafd fdlh
Hkh lkekftd fo"k; ij tuer dHkh Hkh ,der ugha gksrk] osQoy fojks/h fopkjksa osQ Vdjko ls gh lp iSnk gksus
dh lEHkkouk gksrh gS rFkk (iii) ;fn izpfyr fopkj lgh Hkh gS rks Hkh ;fn bls fojks/h fopkj dh pqukSrh ugha
nh tk;sxh rks og /hjs&/hjs ,d :f<+ dk :i ys ysxkA blosQ lkFk&lkFk fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk osQ laanHkZ
esa feyus ^gkfu fl¼kUr* (harm principle) dh Hkh jpuk dh ftlesa bl vf/dkj osQ Åij oqQN lhek,¡ yxkbZ
tk ldrh gSaA osQoy ,d gh mís'; ftlosQ fy, ukxfjd leqnk; osQ fdlh lnL; ij] mldh ethZ osQ fo#¼]
'kfDr dk oS/ iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] og gS nwljksa dks gkfu igq¡pkus ls jksdukA

fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk osQ vf/dkj ij lhek,¡ rFkk lsaljf'ki dk eqík
(Limitations on the Right to Freedom of Expression and the issue of
censorship)

O;kogkfjd Lrj ij fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk dk vf/dkj fdlh Hkh ns'k esa fujaoqQ'k ugha gS vkSj lkekU;r%
bl ij dbZ lhek,¡ yxkbZ tkrh gSa tSls ^?k`f.kr Hkk"k.k* (hate speech)A ,slk blfy, gS D;ksafd oko~Q dh
Lora=krk dk iz;ksx ges'kk izfrLi/hZ ewY;ksa osQ lanHkZ esa gksrk gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu osQ vuqlkj] fopkjkfHkO;fDr osQ
vf/dkj ij lhek,¡ oS/ rFkk vko';d dkuwuh vk/kjksa osQ vuq:i gksuh pkfg,A la{ksi esa] bu lhekvksa dks rhu
izdkj osQ ijh{k.kksa ls xqtjuk vko';d gS% (i) ;s lhek,¡ dkuwu }kjk fu/kZfjr gksuh pkfg,] (ii) ;s ,sls mís';
ls izsfjr gks tks oS/ gks rFkk (iii) ;s mu mís';ksa dh izkfIr osQ fy, vR;ko';d gks ftu mís';ksa dks oS/ ekuk
tkrk gS muesa izeq[k gSa% nwljkssa osQ vf/dkjksa dh lqj{kk (ekugkfu dks jksduk)] jk"Vªh; lqj{kk rFkk lkoZtfud
O;oLFkk] LokLF; ,oa uSfrdrk dh lqj{kkA
fopkjkfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk osQ dbZ fl¼kUr gSaA bldk ,d n`f"Vdks.k ;g gS fd yksx vius fopkjksa dks
vfHkO;Dr djus ls fgpfdpkrs gSa] blfy, ugha fd ljdkj muls cnyk ysus dh dksf'k'k djsxh cfYd blfy,
fd mu ij dbZ lkekftd ncko gksrs gSaA tc dksbZ O;fDr vius dksbZ vyksdfiz; vFkok u;s fopkj j[krk gS rks
mls lekt dh ?k`.kk ;k fuUnk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS ;k mlosQ fo#¼ dksbZ fgalkRed izfrfØ;k Hkh gks ldrh
gSA gkykafd bl izdkj osQ neu dks jksd ikuk FkksM+k dfBu gS] ijUrq ;gk¡ ;g iz'u Hkh mBk;k tk ldrk gS fd
oko~Q dh Lora=krk osQ vf/dkj osQ vUrxZr vkrk gS] ftls eq[;r% ukxfjd Lora=krk ;k ljdkj dh dk;Zokgh ls
Lora=k ekuk tkrk gSA

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