Page 281 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV ;g feF;k psruk /eZ (Religion) dh ugha] fdlh vrhafnz; lq[k (Supersensuous Pleasure) dh ugha]
cfYd orZeku Hkksxoknh lq[k (Hedonistic Pleasure) dh feF;k psruk gS tks mlosQ vyxko ij inkZ Mky
nsrh gSA euq"; lksus osQ fiatjs esa can iaNh dh rjg mlosQ vkd"kZ.k esa Mwc pqdk gS fd og eqDr vkdk'k
esa mM+ku Hkjus osQ vkuan dks Hkwy x;k gSA bl rjg iw¡thoknh lekt dh lcls cM+h foMacuk ;g gS fd blesa
euq"; u osQoy viuh Lora=krk [kks pqdk gS] cfYd og ;g Hkh ugha tkurk fd og mls [kks pqdk gSA bl [kksbZ
gqbZ Lora=krk dks <w¡<+ ykus osQ fy, lcls igys mls vius ^vyxko* osQ izfr lpsr djuk gksxk rkfd mls ;g
vuqHko gks tk, fd mldh dksbZ ewY;oku~ oLrq xqe gks xbZ vkSj og mldh ryk'k 'kq: dj nsA tc rd og Lo;a
Lora=krk dh dkeuk ugha djsxk] rc rd mls Lora=krk izkIr gksus dh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha gSA

tc dksbZ nkl vius ik¡o dh csfM+;ksa ij xoZ djrk gS] mUgsa ewY;oku vkHkw"k.kksa dh rjg xys ls yxkrk gS]
rc mldh eqfDr dk dksbZ Hkh jkLrk ugha jg tkrkA µegkRek xka/h

gscjekl osQ fopkj (Views of Habermas)

uoekDlZokn (Neo-Marxism) osQ izfrHkk'kkyh izoDrk ;qxsZu gscjekl (1929) us viuh cgqpfpZr o`Qfr
^ySftfVes'ku ozQkbfll* (oS/rk dk ladV) (1975) vkSj vU; o`Qfr;ksa osQ varxZr Lora=krk dh leL;k dks
iw¡thokn dh oS/rk osQ ladV (Legitimation Crisis) osQ :i esa ns[kk gSA gscjekl osQ vuqlkj] ledkyhu
fo'o esa foKku (Science), izkS|ksfxd (Technology) vkSj laxBu (Organization) dh foy{k.k izxfr dk
ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd euq"; dh roZQcqf¼ (Reason) euq"; dh foeqfDr (Emancipation) osQ nkf;Ro ls
foeq[k gks xbZ gS] vkSj roZQlaxfr (Rationality) dh Hkwfedk rduhdh dk;ZoqQ'kyrk (Technical Effi-

ciency) c<+kus rd lhfer jg xbZ gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] euq"; dh roZQ&cqf¼ mls thou dk lkè; (End) ugha
lq>krh] cfYd osQoy lk/uksa (Means) dks laxfBr djuk fl[krh gSA vr% og euq"; dks Lora=krk (Liberty)
dh jkg ugha fn[kkrh] cfYd ml ij viuk izHkqRo (Domination) LFkkfir djosQ mls ijk/hu (Dependent)

cuk nsrh gSA
m/j mnkj yksdra=k (Liberal Democracy) dh laLFkkvksa us euq";ksa osQ ijLij laca/ksa dk ck”kkj lekt
(Market Society) osQ <jsZ ij [kjhnkj vkSj foozsQrk osQ laca/ksa esa cny fn;k gSA yksdra=k dk vk/kj
gSµjktuhfrd ppkZ (Political Discussion), ijarq ledkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa og dHkh ;FkkFkZ ppkZ dk :i
/kj.k ugha dj ikbZ] D;ksafd bl ppkZ esa Hkkx ysus okys yksx 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj laxfBr fgrksa osQ lkFk tqM+s jgs gSaA
vr% jktuhfrd fu.kZ; (Political Decisions) fufgr LokFkks± (Vested Interests) osQ ijLij lek;kstu dk
ifj.kke gksrs gSa] tu&ekul dh eqDr vfHkO;fDr dk ifj.kke ugha gksrsA tu&laioZQ osQ lk/u (Media of Mass

Communication) lwpuk (Information) osQ izlkj vkSj fopkjksa dh Lora=k vfHkO;fDr dks c<+kok ugha nsrs]
cfYd dksjs euksjatu osQ lkFk&lkFk O;kikfjd fgrksa dks c<+kok nsus dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
gscjekl us fy[kk gS fd ijaijkxr lekt l`f"V dh ikSjkf.kd] /kfeZd ;k nk'kZfud O;k[;kvksa ls tqM+h gqbZ laLFkkvksa
dh oS/rk (Legitimacy) dks Lohdkj djrs FksA ijarq iw¡thokn us oSKkfud tkudkjh vkSj Lopkfyr e'khuksa dks
izkekf.kdrk dk vk/kj cuk fn;k gS_ vr% blus oS/rk&LFkkiu (Legitimation) osQ ijaijkxr vk/kj dks u"V
dj fn;k gSA mldh txg blus ijLij ykHk (Mutual Benefit) ;k leku fofue; (Equal Exchange)

dks lkekftd laxBu dk ewy fl¼kar eku fy;k gS vkSj ck”kkj lekt (Market Society) osQ fu;eksa dks
loksZPp ekU;rk iznku dj nh gSA foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh us lekftd laxBu dk rduhdh izfr:i izLrqr djosQ
tulk/kj.k dks jktuhfrd psruk ls oafpr dj fn;k gS] vFkkZr~ mUgsa lkekftd y{;ksa osQ izfr lpsr ugha jgus fn;k
gSA mUgksaus bl fopkj dks c<+kok fn;k gS fd lkjh ekuoh; leL;k,¡ rduhdh ;k laxBukRed fdLe dh leL;k,¡ gSa

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