Page 279 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV fopkj/kjk (Ideology)
ekDlZokn ds vuqlkj] lH;rk osQ vkjaHk ls gh lekt /uoku vkSj fu/Zu (Haves and Have-nots)—

bu nks ijLij&fojks/h oxks± esa c¡V tkrk gSA /uoku oxZ lkekftd mRiknu osQ lk/uksa dk Lokeh gksrk gS_
ogh jktuhfrd 'kfDr dk iz;ksx djosQ izHkqRo'kkyh oxZ (Dominant Class) cu tkrk gSA fu/Zu oxZ
vius Je osQ lgkjs fuokZg djus osQ fy, foo'k gksrk gS_ mlosQ ikl dksbZ 'kfDr ugha gksrh_ og ijk/hu
oxZ (Dependent Class) dh fLFkfr eas jgrk gSA izHkqRo'kkyh oxZ mu ewY;ksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa dks loZ&fgr
osQ vuq:i fl¼ djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS ftuls muosQ vius fgr l/rs gSaA bu ewY;ksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa
osQ leqPp; dks ^fopkj/kjk* dgk tkrk gS tks izHkqRo'kkyh oxZ osQ 'kklu dks oS/rk (Ligitimacy) iznku
djrh gSA lkekftd fodkl dh izfozQ;k esa euq";ksa dks HkkSfrd vko';drk,¡ (Material Needs) vkxs
c<+ tkrh gSa] ijarq mudh lkekftd psruk fiNM+ tkrh gSA p¡wfd izpfyr ^fopkj/kjk* tulk/kj.k osQ eu
eas Hkzkafr iSnk djosQ mUgsa vius 'kks"k.k (Exploitation) osQ ewy dkj.k dks igpkuus ls jksdrh gS] blfy,
ekDlZ us bls ^feF;k psruk* (False Consciousness) dh laKk nh gSA

gaxjh osQ ekDlZoknh fopkjd tktZ Y;wdkp (1885&1971) us vyxko osQ fl¼kar dks fopkj/kjk (Ideology)
dh ekDlZoknh /kj.kk osQ lkFk tksM+dj fodflr fd;k gSA ekDlZ us fopkj/kjk dh O;k[;k ^feF;k psruk* (False
Consciousness) osQ #i esa nh FkhA Y;wsdkp us viuh pfpZr o`Qfr ^fgLVjh ,aM Dykl dka'kluSl* (bfrgkl
vkSj oxZ psruk) (1923) osQ varxZr fy[kk gS fd ekDlZ dk bfrgkl&fl¼kar (Theory of History) lgh rks
gS] ijarq og v/wjk gSA blosQ lkFk ;g lanHkZ tksM+uk t:jh gS fd ,sfrgkfld fodkl osQ fofHkUu fcanqvksa ij
fofHkUu oxZ lalkj dks fHkUu&fHkUu :i esa ns[krs gSaA iw¡thoknh lekt esa lHkh oxZ viuh&viuh rjg dh ^feF;k
psruk* ls xzLr gSaA okLrfod leL;k ;g gS fd tks psruk ewyr% O;fDr dh oxZ&fLFkfr (Class Situation)

ls fu/kZfjr gksrh gS] mls bl lanHkZ ls gVkdj lkekftd laca/ksa osQ ;FkkFkZ txr~ dk lk{kkRdkj oSQls fd;k tk,\
Y;wdkp us vk'kk O;Dr dh fd loZgkjk (Proletariat) orZeku lkekftd&vkfFkZd thou esa vius c<+rs gq,
^vtuchiu* osQ dkj.k ,d foy{k.k ,sfrgkfld fLFkfr esa igq¡p x;k gS tgk¡ ls og ;FkkFkZ fo'otuhu psruk
(Universal Consciousness) izkIr dj ldrk gSA ns[kk tk, rks Y;wdkp dk vyxko&fl¼kar ekDlZ dh
vis{kk gsxsy (1770&1831) osQ vyxko&fl¼kar osQ fudV vkrk gSA bldk lkjka'k ;g gS fd iw¡thokn osQ varxZr
dkexj&oxZ viuh oxZ&fLFkfr ls vyxko osQ dkj.k oLrqijd Kku (Objective Knowledge) izkIr djus dh
{kerk fodflr dj ldrk gSA

ledkyhu vyxko&fl¼kUr
(Contemporary Theory of Alienation)

,fjd i+zQkWe osQ fopkj (Views of Erich Fromm)

vk/qfud vejhdh euksoSKkfud vkSj lkekftd fopkjd ,fjd i+zQkWe (1900&80) us viuh pfpZr o`Qfr
^,LosQi iz+QkWe iz+QhMe* (Lora=krk ls iyk;u) (1941) esa ledkyhu lekt osQ varxZr euq"; osQ vosQysiu
(Aloofness) dh ihM+k dk ekfeZd fp=k.k fd;k gSA iz+QkWe osQ vuqlkj] iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk euq"; dh l`tukRed
xfrfof/ (Creative Activity) esa ck/k Mkyrh gS_ mls nwljksa osQ lkFk LoLFk lkekftd laca/ LFkkfir djus
ls jksdrh gS_ vkSj mls vius&vkils foeq[k djosQ mldh vkRe&Nfo dks /wfey dj nsrh gSA ;gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡
euq"; osQ ^vyxko* dks tUe nsrh gSaA vk/qfud euq"; osQoy lkekftd&lkaLo`Qfrd ca/u ls vius&vkidks eqDr
vuqHko ugha djrk] cfYd og bl ca/u ls NwVdj ,dne vosQyk gks tkrk gSA

274 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY