Page 275 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV mlesa mls dksbZ lgk;rk Hkh nh tk,xhA O;fDr dks udkjkRed Lora=krk iznku djrs le; jkT; osQoy vius mQij
la;e j[krk gS] lkekftd O;oLFkk ls dksbZ NsM+NkM+ ugha djrkA og ;g ugha ns[krk fd bl Lora=krk dk ykHk
dkSu&dkSu&ls vkSj fdrus yksx mBk ik,¡xs\

tkfgj gS] bl rjg dh Lora=krk loZlk/kj.k osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA tc lekt Hkkjh vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa ls xzLr
gks] rc udkjkRed Lora=krk bu fo"kerkvksa osQ izfr rVLFkrk (Indifference) dk n`f"Vdks.k viukrh gSA tks
Lora=krk cyoku~ vkSj fucZy] /uoku~ vkSj fu/Zuµlcdks [kqyk NksM+ nsrh gS] mldh vkM+ esa cyoku fucZy dks
vkSj /uoku ij izfrca/ yxkuk gksxk_ fucZy dks lqj{kk iznku djuh gksxh] fu/Zu dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lq/kjuh gksxhA
;gha ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh ek¡x 'kq: gksrh gSA ldkjkRed ;k rkfÙod Lora=krk (Positive or Substantive

Liberty) dk vFkZ ;g gS fd detksj oxks± dh lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vleFkZrkvksa dks nwj djus osQ Bksl iz;Ru
fd, tk,¡ rkfd lcdks vius lq[k osQ lk/u tqVkus dk mi;qDr volj fey losQA blosQ fy, lkekftd&vkfFkZd
thou osQ foLr`r fofu;eu (Regulation) dh vko';drk gks ldrh gSA ;s lkjs fofu;e vkSj izfrca/ lekt
osQ 'kfDr'kkyh ;k izHkqRo'kkyh oxks± (Dominant Classes) dh Lora=krk esa dVkSrh dj ldrs gSa] ijUrq ;s
Lora=krk osQ fl¼kar dks lkFkZd :i nsus osQ fy, vfuok;Z gksaxsA

lk/kj.kr% jktuhfrd] ukxfjd ;k dkuwuh Lora=krk vius&vius lhfer vFkZ esa udkjkRed Lora=krk gksrh gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ok.kh dh Lora=krk (Freedom of Speech)] mikluk dh Lora=krk (Freedom of

Worship) bR;kfn osQoy ;g lwfpr djrh gSa fd O;fDr osQ fdu&fdu dk;ks± ij jkT; dh vksj ls dksbZ izfrca/
ugha gksxkA ijUrq lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lora=krk ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh ek¡x djrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] Hkw[k&I;kl
;k ykpkjh ls Lora=krk (Freedom from Hunger or Compulsion) ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh |ksrd gS
D;ksafd bldh LFkkiuk osQ fy, jkT; dks Bksl iz;Ru djus gksaxsA Lora=krk dk ldkjkRed i{k gh mls lkekftd
ladYiuk esa ifj.kr dj nsrk gS D;ksafd Lora=krk dk ;g fl¼kar mu izfrca/ksa vkSj foo'krkvksa dks gVkus dh ek¡x
djrk gS tks lkekftd O;oLFkk ls iSnk gqbZ gksa vkSj ftUgsa gVkuk O;kogkfjd Hkh gksA cgqr&ls ekeyksa ls ge {kerk
osQ vHkko esa foo'krk vuqHko djrs gSa] fiQj Hkh mldh f'kdk;r ugha djrsA ge ia[k yxkdj vktkn iaNh dh
rjg vkdk'k esa mM+ ugha ldrs] fiQj Hkh ;g f'kdk;r ugha djrs fd ge Lora=k ughaA oLrqr% izÑfr us gesa ftu
Hkh {kerkvksa ls oafpr j[kk gS vkSj ftu foo'krkvksa ij fot; izkIr djuk laHko ugha] mudh f'kdk;r dksbZ ugha
djrkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] f'kdk;r ogk¡ dh tkrh gS tgk¡ gekjh foo'krk,¡ lkekftd O;oLFkk dk ifj.kke gksa] vFkkZr~
tgk¡ lkekftd O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu djosQ mu foo'krkvksa dks nwj fd;k tk losQA
ns[kk tk, rks 'kfDr dh fo"kerk (Inequality of Power) Lora=krk osQ fl¼kar dks vius roZQlaxr ifj.kke rd
igq¡pus ls jksdrh gSA ;fn lc yksxksa dks vkSipkfjd n`f"V ls leku Lora=krk izkIr gks rks Hkh 'kfDr dh fo"kerk
mls fujFkZd cuk nsrh gSA ,y-Vh- gkWcgkml us viuh egku~ Ñfr ^,yhesaV~l vkWI + kQ lks'ky tfLVl* (lkekftd
U;k; osQ ewyrRo) (1922) osQ varxZr fcYoqQy lgh fy[kk gSµ¶tc de”kksj i{k dks ;g vf/dkj fn;k tkrk
gS fd ;fn mlosQ ikl Hkh oSls gh lk/u ekStwn gksa rks og mudk iz;ksx dj ldrk gS] rks ,slh Lora=krk ls mldk
oqQN ugha cusxk] D;ksafd bl rjg mls ;FkkFkZ vkSj rkRdkfyd laj{k.k rks izkIr gksxk ughaA ;g ckr tkfgj gS fd
de”kksj i{k dks izfr'kks/ osQ vf/dkj dh t:jr ugha gksrh cfYd mls tks vf/dkj izkIr gSa] mudk iz;ksx djus
osQ fy, lqj{kk izkIr gksuh pkfg,A¸

la{ksi esa] udkjkRed Lora=krk mu yksxksa osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ gksxh tks Lo;a vius thou dks eupkgk :i nsus esa
leFkZ gksaA ijUrq tks yksx lkekftd&vkfFkZd foo'krkvksa ls f?kjs gksa vkSj vius thou dks l¡okjus esa loZFkk vleFkZ
gksa] muosQ fy, ldkjkRed Lora=krk dh O;oLFkk vko';d gksxhA

270 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY