Page 271 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

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uksV dkuwu osQ izfrca/ksa dk nwljk mís'; lkekftd ewY;ksa ;k vkn'kks± dh j{kk djuk gks ldrk gS] tSls fd dkuwu
lekurk (Equality) ;k U;k; (Justice) dh j{kk osQ fy, gekjh Lora=krk ij izfrca/ yxk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] dkuwu gesa iafDr rksM+us ls jksdrk gS rkfd nwljksa osQ leku vf/dkj dh j{kk dh tk losQA dkuwu gesa
dj nsus (Payment of Taxes) osQ fy, foo'k djrk gS rkfd lkoZtfud lsok,¡ (Public Services) tqVkbZ
tk losaQ vkSj lkekftd U;k; (Social Justice) dh flf¼ dh tk losQA
dkuwu gekjh O;fDrxr Lora=krk ij dgk¡ rd jksd yxk ldrk gS ;k dkuwu osQ dkSu&dkSu ls izfrca/ Lora=krk
osQ fl¼kar osQ fo#¼ ugha ekus tk ldrsµ;g ,d tfVy fo"k; gSA jiQhy us ,sls pkj {ks=kksa dk laosQr fn;k gS
ftuesa dkuwu osQ izfrca/ roZQlaxr ekus tkrs gSaµ
vijk/ osQ {ks=k esa (In the Sphere of Crime)% O;fDr osQ tks dk;Z lekt dh Lora=krk osQ fy, xaHkhj [krjk
le>s tkrs gSa] mUgsa dkuwu osQ varxZr vijk/ ?kksf"kr djosQ naM dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA vijk/ ls lacaf/r
dkuwu dks iQkStnkjh dkuwu (Criminal Law) dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] gR;k ;k pksjh djuk vijk/
gS vkSj iQkStnkjh dkuwu bu ij jksd yxkrs gq, mi;qDr naM dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA blh izdkj ;krk;kr osQ fu;eksa
dk mYya?ku Hkh vijk/ gS D;ksafd blls lkoZtfud O;oLFkk (Public Order) osQ fy, xaHkhj [krjk iSnk gks
ldrk gSA
blosQ vykok O;fDr osQ tks dk;Z mlosQ fy, gkfudkjd gks ldrs gSa] mUgsa Hkh vijk/ ekurs gq, mu ij dkuwuh
rkSj ij jksd yxkbZ tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] eknd nzO;ksa dk O;lu (Drug Addiction) O;fDr osQ thou
dks ujd cuk ldrk gS] blfy, og dkuwu osQ }kjk fuf"k¼ gSA vkRegR;k dks Hkh vijk/ ekuk tkrk gS] vr%
vkRegR;k dk iz;kl djus okys dks naM fn;k tkrk gSA
nhokuh fooknksa osQ {ks=k esa (In the Sphere of Civil Disputes)% O;fDr;ksa vkSj fuxfer lewgksa (Corpo-

rate Bodies) osQ chp tks fookn iSnk gksrs gSa] muosQ lek/ku osQ fy, nhokuh dkuwu (Civil Law) osQ varxZr
mi;qDr O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA O;fDr osQ ftu dk;ks± ls iwjs lekt dks [krjk gks] mUgsa rks vijk/ ekuk tkrk gS]
ijUrq mlosQ ftu dk;ks± ls O;fDr&fo'ks"k ;k fuxfer lewg dks gkfu igq¡ps] mUgsa nhokuh dkuwu osQ varxZr fuiVk;k
tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn dksbZ O;fDr viuh ykijokgh ls nwljs dh laifÙk dks uqdlku igq¡pkrk gS rks mls
gtkZuk nsuk iM+rk gS] naM ugha Hkksxuk iM+rkA ;fn dksbZ ekfyd vius deZpkjh dks xyr rjhosQ ls ukSdjh ls fudky
nsrk gS] dksbZ ifr viuh iRuh dks cslgkjk NksM+ nsrk gS ;k dksbZ O;fDr fdlh i{k osQ lkFk fd, vuqca/
(Contract) dks rksM+ nsrk gS] rks ,sls ekeyksa dk fu.kZ; nhokuh dkuwu osQ varxZr fd;k tkrk gSA ijUrq
dHkh&dHkh nhokuh dkuwu dk dksbZ ekeyk bruk xaHkhj :i /kj.k dj ysrk gS fd og iQkStnkjh dkuwu dk fo"k;
cu tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vuqca/ rksM+us (Breach of Contract) dk dksbZ ekeyk /ks[kk/M+h (Fraud)
dk ekeyk cu tkus ij iQkStnkjh dkuwu osQ nk;js esa vk tkrk gS_ ijLij ysu&nsu ;k le>kSrs dk ekeyk nqfoZfu;ksx
(Misappropriation) ;k vijk/iw.kZ fo'okl?kkr (Criminal Breach of Trust) dk ekeyk cu tkus ij
iQkStnkjh dkuwu dk fo"k; gks tkrk gSA ;fn fdlh cSad ;k vU; laxBu dk [ktkuph (Cashier) vius laj{k.k
esa j[kh xbZ /ujkf'k dks xyr txg yxk nsrk gS ;k dksbZ lqukj xgus cukus osQ fy, fdlh xzkgd ls lksuk ysdj
eqdj tkrk gS rks bldh fjiksVZ iqfyl esa ntZ djkbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj ,slk ekeyk iQkStnkjh dkuwu osQ varxZr
fuiVk;k tk,xkA blh izdkj xkM+h pykus esa ykijokgh osQ dkj.k ;fn dksbZ euq"; ?kk;y gks tk, ;k fdlh dh
e`R;q gks tk, rks ;g ekeyk iQkStnkjh dkuwu osQ nk;js esa vk,xkA
vkfFkZd fu;a=k.k osQ {ks=k esa (In the Sphere of Economic Control)% vk/qfud jkT; lekt dh cgqr
lkjh vkfFkZd xfrfof/;ksa dks fu;fer djrk gS vkSj blfy, O;fDr;ksa ;k lewgksa dh vusd xfrfof/;ksa ij izfrca/
yxk, tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, jkT; dk dkuwu lc rjg osQ dkexkjksa osQ fy, U;wure etnwjh (Minimum

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