Page 276 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

fp=k 13-3 uksV

Lora=krk (Liberty)

udkjkRed (Negative) ldkjkRed (Positive)

[og fLFkfr ftlesa O;fDr vius thou dks eupkgk [og fLFkfr ftlesa O;fDr vius thou dks eupkgk
:i nsus esa leFkZ gks vkSj jkT; mlosQ jkLrs esa dksbZ :i nssus esa vleFkZ gks vkSj jkT; mldh bl vleFkZrk
#dkoV iSnk u gksus ns] dks nwj djus osQ fy, Bksl dkjZokbZ djs]

ledkyhu mnkjoknh fparu osQ varxZr vkbf”k;k cfyZu (1909&97)] ,iQ-,- gs;d (1899&1992) vkSj
feYVu izQhMeSu (1912µ) us ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ eqdkcys udkjkRed Lora=krk dks izeq[krk nsdj Lora=krk
osQ lkj&rRo dks vlhe {kfr igq¡pkbZ gSA

Lora=krk dh ekDlZoknh ladYiuk
(Marxist Concept of Freedom)

Lora=krk dh ekDlZoknh /kj.kk bldh mnkjoknh&O;fDroknh /kj.kk ls loZFkk fHkUu gSA bldh eq[;&eq[; ekU;rk,¡
;s gSaµ

Lora=krk dk vFkZ vosQykiu ugha gS (Freedom Does not Imply Loneliness)% ekDlZoknh n`f"Vdks.k osQ
vuqlkj] Lora=krk ,slh fLFkfr ugha gS fd ftlesa O;fDr dks ^vosQyk NksM+ fn;k tkuk pkfg,A* blosQ foijhr]
Lora=krk ;k ijra=krk dh fLFkfr;k¡ lkekftd&vkfFkZd lanHkZ ls tqM+h jgrh gSaA lekt ls dVk gqvk] vosQyk vkSj
vyx&Fkyx iM+k gqvk O;fDr Lora=krk dk vkuan ugha ys ldrkA
ekDlZoknh mi;ksfxrkokn (Utilitarianism) dh bl ekU;rk dks Lohdkj ugha djrs fd fHkUu&fHkUu O;fDr;ksa
osQ LokFkZ dks tksM+dj loZ&fgr (Common Interest) dh flf¼ dh tk ldrh gSA blosQ foijhr] loZ&fgr
dh flf¼ osQ fy, ;g t:jh gS fd fofHkUu O;fDr lekt osQ :i esa ,dtqV gksdj iwjs lekt osQ fgr esa
vius&vius fgr dks ns[ksaA osQoy roZQlaxr mRiknu iz.kkyh (Rational System of Production) osQ varxZr
gh O;fDr lPps vFkZ esa Lora=k gks ldrs gSa] D;ksafd ,slh fLFkfr esa mRiknu osQ izeq[k lk/uksa ij iwjs lekt dk
LokfeRo gksxk_ dksbZ fdlh dk 'kks"k.k (Exploitation) ugha djsxk_ vkSj mRiknu dh 'kfDr;k¡ (Forces of

Production) bruh fodflr gks tk,¡xh fd gj dksbZ viuh bPNk vkSj vko';drk iwjh dj losQxkA nwljs 'kCnksa
esa] osQoy lektokn (Socialism) gh Lora=krk dks c<+kok ns ldrk gSA iawthokn (Capitalism) ;k eqDr
cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk (Free Market Economy) osQ varxZr Lora=krk laHko ugha gSA

foo'krk ls Lora=krk dh vksj (Leap from Necessity to Freedom)% izSQfMªd ,axsYl (1820&95) us
viuh izfl¼ Ñfr ^,aVh&M~;wfjax* (M~;wfjax osQ fo#¼) (1878) osQ varxZr foo'krk (Necessity) vkSj Lora=krk
(Freedom) esa varj Li"V fd;k gSA foo'krk og fLFkfr gS ftlesa euq"; ;k HkkSfrd oLrq,¡ izÑfr osQ vVy
fu;eksa ls c¡/h jgrh gSa vkSj euq"; dh viuh bPNk ls oqQN Hkh lapkfyr ugha gksrkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] xq#Rokd"kZ.k
dk fu;e (Law of Gravitational Force) izÑfr dk vVy fu;e gS_ euq"; viuh bPNk ls u rks bls cny

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