Page 273 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk dk iz'u FkksM+k tfVy gSA tkWu LVqvkVZ fey (1806&73) osQ vuqlkj] ;g
Lora=krk O;fDr vkSj lekt nksuksa osQ fgr esa gksxhA lekt dh izxfr Kku osQ fodkl ij fuHkZj gSA Kku dk fodkl
ogha gks ikrk gS tgk¡ ppkZ dh Lora=krk dk okrkoj.k ekStwn gksA lkekftd uhfr (Social Policy) esa lw>cw>
rHkh vk ldrh gS tc orZeku leL;kvksa dh vkykspuk djus ;k vyksdfiz; er izLrqr djus ij dksbZ ikcanh u
gksA fdlh er dh vfHkO;fDr dks jksdus ls u osQoy ml O;fDr ij vR;kpkj gksxk ftls pqi djk fn;k x;k gS]
cfYd bldk eryc gksxk iwjh ekuo tkfr dks mlosQ ykHk ls oafpr djukµorZeku ih<+h dks Hkh] vkxkeh ihf<+;ksa
dks HkhA ;fn og er lgh Fkk rks geus lekt dks viuh xyrh lq/kjus osQ volj ls oafpr fd;k gksxkA ;fn
og er xyr Fkk rks Hkh geus lekt dks mrus gh cM+s ykHk ls oafpr fd;k gksxk D;ksafd >wB osQ lkFk Vdjkdj
lp dk :i vkSj Hkh fu[kj vkrk gSA okYVj cstgkWV (1826&77) us Hkh ;g fn[kyk;k gS fd ppkZ dh Lora=krk
vkSj fojks/h er osQ izfr lfg".kqrk lkjh lkekftd izxfr dh oaqQth gSA

blesa lansg ugha fd fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk vius&vki esa egÙoiw.kZ gSA ijUrq D;k bl Lora=krk osQ
udkjkRed i{k ls gh larks"k fd;k tk ldrk gS\ D;k O;kid vf'k{kk vkSj vKku osQ chp loZlk/kj.k osQ fy,
bl Lora=krk dk dksbZ vFkZ jg tkrk gS\ ;fn euq"; dks lgh jk; cukus osQ volj ls gh oafpr j[kk tk, rks viuh
jk; dks O;Dr djus dh Lora=krk mlosQ fdl dke vk,xhA ns[kk tk, rks fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk
dks lkFkZd djus osQ fy, nks 'krs± iwjh djuk vko';d gSµ(d) tu&lk/kj.k osQ fy, ;Fks"V f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk
gks rkfd muesa fopkj&'kfDr dk fodkl gks_ vkSj ([k) tulaioZQ osQ lk/u (Media of Mass Communi-

cation) eqV~BhHkj yksxksa dh eqV~Bh esa can u gksa] cfYd mUgsa Lok;Ùkrk (Autonomy) izkIr gksuh pkfg, rkfd
os Lo;a viuh fo'oluh;rk (Reliability) LFkkfir dj losaQA fiQj] tulaioZQ osQ lk/uksa dh cgqyrk Hkh t:jh
gS rkfd ukxfjdksa dks lwpuk osQ vusd lzksrksa esa ls lgh lekpkjksa vkSj fopkjksa dk p;u rFkk iqf"V djus dk volj
fey losQA bu nksuksa ckrksa dh rjiQ è;ku nsus ij fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk ek=k udkjkRed Lora=krk
(Negative Freedom) ugha jg tk,xh] cfYd ldkjkRed Lora=krk (Positive Freedom) dk :i /kj.k
dj ysxhA

tgk¡ rd vuqca/ dh Lora=krk (Freedom of Contract) dk loky gS] og Hkh de isphnk ughaA tgk¡ lekt
dh orZeku fo"kerk,¡ ,d euq"; dks nwljs dh n;k ij NksM+ nsrh gksa] ogk¡ vuqca/ dh Lora=krk dk D;k vFkZ jg
tkrk gS\ vr% vk/qfud psruk (Modern Consciousness) bl Lora=krk dks Hkh udkjkRed ls ldkjkRed
:i nsus dh ek¡x djrh gSA okYVj izQhMeSu us ^yhxy F;ksjh* (fof/&fl¼kar) (1967) osQ varxZr lgh fy[kk
gS fd iqjkus ”kekus esa rks vuqca/ dh Lora=krk oS;fDrd Lora=krk dk vko';d vax ekuh tkrh Fkh] ijUrq
vkS|ksfxd fodkl us ;g fl¼ dj fn;k Fkk fd fo'kky tuleqnk; dks vkSipkfjd Lora=krk nsdj fdl gn rd
okLrfod Lora=krk ls oafpr j[kk tkrk gSA vr% jkT; laj{k.kewyd dkuwu (Protective Laws) cukdj
oS;fDrd vuqca/ dks dkuwuh nkf;Roksa ls cka/ nsrk gSA burk gh ugha] U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa osQ varxZr eky&fuekZrkvksa
(Manufacturers) dks miHkksDrk (Consumer) osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tkrk gS vkSj ekfyd (Em-

ployer) dks deZpkjh (Employee) osQ izfrA
vkt osQ ;qx esa jktuhfrd Lora=krk dh lcls lkFkZd vfHkO;fDr yksdra=kh; O;oLFkk esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA
fofy;e CySoLVu (1723&80) osQ vuqlkj] jktuhfrd Lora=krk dk vFkZ 'kklu ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh 'kfDr gSA
ijUrq ;g ckr ogha ykxw gksrh gS tgk¡ 'kklu fdlh ckgjh 'kfDr osQ gkFk esa gksA ij tgk¡ fl¼karr% turk viuh
ljdkj Lo;a pqurh gks] ogk¡ bldk vFkZ cny tk,xkA vr% ckoZQj osQ vuqlkj] jktuhfrd Lora=krk dk vFkZ

268 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY