Page 268 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

13-3-1 Lora=krk vkSj LoPNanrk (Liberty and Licence) uksV

lekt esa Lora=krk osQ lkFkZd iz;ksx osQ fy, ;g t:jh gS fd ,d O;fDr dh Lora=krk nwljs dh Lora=krk esa ck/d
u cusA ;fn lc euq"; iw.kZ foosd ls laiUu (Perfectly Rational) gksrs rks ;g eku ldrs gSa fd os osQoy
ogh ekxZ viukrs tks lcosQ fy, loksZÙke gksrkA vr% os viuh Lora=krk dk iz;ksx djrs le; nwljksa dh Lora=krk
esa rfud Hkh ck/k u MkyrsA ijarq ,slh fLFkfr rks osQoy dYiuk dh gh oLrq gSA ;FkkFkZ osQ /jkry ij euq";
vius&vius foosd ls dke ysdj Hkh fHkUu&fHkUu <ax ls lksprs gSaA fiQj] tks yksx foosd dks ,dne ijs j[k nsrs
gSa] mudh rks ckr gh nwljh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] euq"; foosd dh {kerk ls rks laiUu gS] ijarq tc rd og viw.kZ
gS] rc rd ,d euq"; dh fujaoqQ'k Lora=krk (Unrestrained Freedom) nwljksa dh Lora=krk esa ck/d fl¼
gks ldrh gSA bl rjg dh Lora=krk LoPNanrk dk :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA ,slh gkyr esa ,d euq"; dh Lora=krk
nwljs euq"; dh foo'krk cu ldrh gSA cM+h eNyh NksVh eNyh dks viuk vkgkj cukus dh Lora=krk pkgs
rks NksVh eNyh dks izk.kksa ls gkFk /ksus iMsa+xsaA
pw¡fd Lora=krk dk iz;ksx lekt esa gh fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, og rHkh xzká gksxh tc og lcdks leku :i ls
miyC/ gksA ;fn rkuk'kkg dh ^Lora=krk* iztk ij vR;kpkj djus esa fufgr gks rks og Lora=krk osQ fl¼kar osQ
fo#¼ gksxhA ;fn pksj dh ^Lora=krk* nwljs dk eky pqjk ysus dh ek¡x djs rks bls Lora=krk dguk ,d e”kkd
gksxkA ;fn pksj dh ^Lora=krk* nwljs dk eky pqjk ysus dh ek¡x djs rks bls Lora=krk dguk ,d e”kkO+kQ gksxkA ;fn
lM+d ij xkM+h pykus okys dh ^Lora=krk* euekuh fn'kk esa] euekuh jÝ+rkj ls xkM+h pykus ;k eksM+ nsus esa fufgr
gks rks vU; ;kf=k;ksa dh Lora=krk gh ugha fNu tk,xh] muosQ tku&eky dks Hkh [krjk iSnk gks tk,xkA ,y-Vh-
gkWcgkml (n ,yhesaV~l vkWI+kQ lks'ky tfLVl) (lkekftd U;k; osQ ewyrRo) (1922) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶,d
O;fDr dh fujaoqQ'k Lora=krk dk vFkZ ;g gksxk fd ckdh lc ?kksj ijk/hurk dh csfM+;ksa ls tdM+s tk,axsA vr%
nwljh vksj ls ns[kk tk, rks lcdks Lora=krk rHkh izkIr gks ldrh gS tc lc ij oqQN&u&oqQN izfrca/ yxk fn,
tk,¡A¸ ;gh dkj.k gS fd Lora=krk fu;e vkSj O;oLFkk dh ek¡x djrh gS vkSj mlosQ lkFk igyh 'krZ ;g tqM+h
jgrh gS fd nwljksa dks Hkh oSlh gh vkSj mruh Lora=krk dk vf/dkj gS_ fHkUu&fHkUu O;fDr;ksa dh Lora=krk
,d&nwljs osQ fy, ck/d ugha cuuh pkfg,A bl rjg Lora=krk ij lekurk dk vaoqQ'k jgrk gSA ijUrq osQoy
lekurk dk fu;e viuk ysuk i;kZIr ugha gksxkA ,d&nwljs dks Bksdj ekjdj fxjk nsus dk ^leku vf/dkj*
(Equal Right) Lora=krk dh ifjHkk"kk esa ugha vk,xk_ Lora=krk osQ fl¼kar dk iz;ksx dY;k.k osQ iFk ij pyus
osQ lanHkZ esa djuk pkfg,] fouk'k osQ iFk ij pyus osQ lanHkZ esa ughaA

Lora=krk vkSj lÙkk (Liberty and Authority)

O;fDr (Individual) vkSj jkT; (State) osQ ijLij laca/ ij fopkj djrs le; Lora=krk vkSj lÙkk osQ chp
dk }a} (Conflict) mHkjdj lkeus vk tkrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] tc O;fDr dh Lora=krk vkSj jkT; dh lÙkk esa
Vdjko iSnk gksrk gS] rc bu nksuksa esa larqyu LFkkfir djuk t:jh gks tkrk gSA 'kq:&'kq: esa gesa O;fDr dh
Lora=krk dh j{kk osQ fy, jkT; dh lÙkk vko';d izrhr gksrh gSA O;fDr dh Lora=krk dk fl¼kar lc O;fDr;ksa
dh leku Lora=krk (Equal Freedom) dh ek¡x djrk gSA blosQ fy, ;g t:jh gS fd O;fDr viuh Lora=krk
dk iz;ksx djrs le; nwljksa dh oSlh vkSj mruh gh Lora=krk esa ck/d u cusA vr% mls fu;fer djus osQ fy,
jkT; dh lÙkk dk iz;ksx vko';d gks tkrk gSA ijarq bl mís'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, jkT; dks vlhe lÙkk ugha nh
tk ldrhA Lo;a jkT; dh lÙkk gh dgha O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks u"V u dj nsµ;g fuf'pr djus osQ fy, jkT;
dh lÙkk dk vaoqQ'k j[kuk t:jh gks tkrk gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 263