Page 266 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

6- ^Lora=krk nwljksa dh Lora=krk osQ izfr lEeku dh ek¡x djrh gS*µdFku fdldk gS\ uksV
(v) egkRek xka/h (c) tokgjyky usg:

(l) bfUnjk xka/h (n) T;ksfr clq

13-3 Lora=krk (Liberty)

tc ge jktuhfr osQ ,d fl¼akr (Political Principle) osQ :i eas Lora=krk (Liberty or Freedom) dh
leL;k ij fopkj djrs gSa rks eq[;r% blds nks vFkZ gekjs è;ku esa vkrs gSa%
1- igys vFkZ esa Lora=krk ekuoh; vfLrRo dk ,d xq.k (A Property of the Human Being) gSA bldk
vfHkizk; ;g gS fd tgk¡ izÑfr ds vU; rRoµoLrq,a ;k tho&tUrq izo`Qfr ds fufoZdkj fu;eksa (Immutable
Laws) ls fu;fer gksrs gSa] ogk¡ osQoy equ"; ,slk rRo gS rks izo`Qfr ds fu;eksa dk Kku izkIr djds mUgsa vius
mís';ksa dh iwfrZ dk lk/u cuk ldrk gSA vr% og vius thou dks eupkgk :i ns ldrk gSA ns[kk tk, rks euq";
dh laiw.kZ lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr (Civilization and Culture) mlds blh xq.k dh nsu gSaA bl vFkZ esa Lora=krk
ekuo ek=k dk lkekU; xq.k gS] ijarq O;ogkj ds /jkry ij fHkUu&fHkUu O;fDr;ksa (Individuals) dh fLFkfr
fHkUu&fHkUu gks ldrh gS_
2- nwljs vFkZ esa] Lora=krk euq"; dh ,d n'kk (A Condition of the Human Being) gS ftlesa euq";
Lo;a&fu/kZfjr y{;ksa (Self-Appointed Goals) dh iwfrZ esa leFkZ gksrk gS vkSj ml ij ckgj ls ,sls dksbZ ca/u
ugha yxs gksrs tks mls vius thou dk eupkgk :i nsus ls jksdrs gksaA ;g ckr egÙoiw.kZ gS fd Lora=krk dh ^n'kk*
dk fopkj rHkh gekjs lkeus vkrk gS tc ge euq"; easa Lora=krk ds ^xq.k* ;k {kerk (Capacity) dks Lohdkj

djosQ pyrs gSaA jktuhfr&fl¼kar dk eq[; ljksdkj ^Lora=krk dh n'kk* ls gSA tgk¡ Lora=krk ds xq.k* dk ladsr
nsus osQ fy, vaxzs”kh esa dsoy ^izQhMe* (Freedom) vkSj ^fycVhZ* (Liberty) nksuksa 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSA
lk/kj.kr% Lora=krk dh ek¡x bl vk/kj ij dh tkrh gS fd ^euq"; foosd'khy izk.kh gSA* (‘Man is rational
creature’)A bl fopkj dh O;k[;k djrs gq, ts-vkj- Y;wdl us ^n fizafliYl vkWi+Q ikWfyfVDl* (jktuhfr ds
fl¼akr) (1976) osQ varxZr fy[kk gS% ^^Lora=krk dk rkfRod vFkZ ;g gS fd foosd'khy drkZ (Rational
Agent) dks tks oqQN loksZÙke izrhr gks] ogh oqQN djus eas og leFkZ gks vkSj mlosQ dk;Z&dYkki ckgj osQ
fdlh izfrca/ ls u c¡/s gksaA** ;fn foosd'khy izk.kh dks Lora=krk izkIr ugha gksxh rks og viuh {kerkvksa dks
lnqi;ksx ugha dj ik,xkA Lora=k u gksus dk vFkZ gS&oaqQfBr] v'kDr vkSj fu"iQy gksukA Lora=k gksus dk vFkZ
gSµHkfo"; dks eupkgk :i nsuk] vius vkn'kks± dks ;FkkFkZ esa mrkjus dh lkeF;Z vkSj vius O;fDrxr dh {kerkvksa
dks ewÙkZ :i ns ikukA vkSipkfjd n`f"V ls] Lora=krk dh ladYiuk ^izfrca/ osQ vHkko* (Absence of
Restraint) dk ladsr nsrh gSA è;ku nsu dh ckr ;g gS fd ,slh Lora=krk dh ek¡x foosd'khy drkZ osQ fy,
dh tkrh gSA tks fl¼kar lHkh euq";ksa dks leku :i ls foosd'khy izk.kh ekurs gSa] os lcdks ,d&lh
Lora=krk nsus dh ek¡x djrs gSaA ijarq tks fl¼kar ;g ekudj pyrs gSa fd roZQcqf¼ ;k foosd (Reason) dh
{kerk bus&fxus yksxksa esa gh ikbZ tkrh gS] os Lora=krk dh ek¡x djosQ Hkh tulk/kj.k osQ fy, ijk/hurk dh
ifjfLFkfr;k¡ iSnk dj nsrs gSaA lPph Lora=krk ogh gS tks lc euq";ksa dks leku :i ls izkIr gksA

vusZLV ckoZQj us ^fizzafliYl vkWI+kQ lks'ky ,aM ikWfyfVdy F;ksjh* (lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd fl¼kar&rRo)
(1951) osQ varxZr Lora=krk osQ uSfrd vk/kj ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k gSA mlus viuh ppkZ dk vkjaHk teZu nk'kZfud

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