Page 262 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

nsrk gSA rkdohy osQ vuqlkj] lekurk dh leL;k dks rks yksdra=k us djhc&djhc lqy>k fn;k gS] ijarq bl uksV
leL;k dks lqy>kdj mlus Lora=krk dh leL;k dks vkSj Hkh my>k fn;k gSA oLrqr% rkdohy us lekurk osQ
fl¼kar dk [kaMu ugha fd;kA mlus osQoy ;g psrkouh nh gS fd fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr osQ {ks=k esa lekurk
dh ek¡x dks vuq:irk (Conformity) dh ek¡x dk :i ugha ns nsuk pkfg, vkSj bl ek¡x dks bl gn
rd c<+kok ugha nsuk pkfg, fd og Lora=krk osQ neu dk lk/u cu tk,A blh roZQ&iz.kkyh ls izsfjr gksdj
vaxzs”k nk'kZfud tkWu LVqvkVZ fey (1806&73) us ;g roZQ fn;k Fkk fd ;fn ,d O;fDr dh jk;
(Opinion) ckdh lekt dh jk; ls fHkUu gks rks lekt dks ;g vf/dkj ugha gS fd og ml vosQys
O;fDr dks pqi djk nsA

ijarq oqQN fopkjd lkekftd&vkfFkZd {ks=k esa Lora=krk osQ uke ij lekurk dk fojks/ djrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] ledkyhu vaxzs”k nk'kZfud vkbf”k;k cfyZu (1909&97) us vius izfl¼ fuca/ ^Vw dkalSIV~l vkWI+kQ
fycVhZ* (Lora=krk dh nks ladYiuk,¡) (1958) osQ varxZr 'kq:&'kq: esa Lora=krk vkSj lekurk dks ,d&nwljs ls
Lok/hu ewY; (Independent Values) ekurs gq, ;g roZQ fn;k fd fHkUu&fHkUu ewY;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrs
gq, mUgsa fdlh ,d esa ugha cnyk tk ldrkA ijarq vkxs pydj mlus Lora=krk dks osaQnzh; ewY; (Central

Value) osQ :i esa LFkkfir djrs gq, lekurk osQ nkos dks cgqr ihNs /osQy fn;kA cfyZu osQ vuqlkj]
Lora=krk dk vFkZ osQoy ;g gS fd fdlh O;fDr dks vius è;s; dh iwfrZ osQ nkSjku nwljksa dh vksj ls
fdlh ck/k dk lkeuk u djuk iM+sA Lora=krk osQ udkjkRed (Negative) vkSj ldkjkRed (Positive) :iksa
esa varj djrs gq, cfyZu us roZQ fn;k fd jkT; osQoy udkjkRed Lora=krk dh j{kk dj ldrk gS_
ldkjkRed Lora=krk O;fDr dk futh ekeyk gS ftlls jkT; dks dksbZ ljksdkj ugha j[kuk pkfg,A cfyZu
us roZQ fn;k fd ;fn dksbZ O;fDr x#M+ i{kh dh rjg ia[k iSQykdj vkdk'k esa mM+ ugha ldrk ;k àsy eNyh
dh rjg leqnz esa rSj ugha ldrk rks ;g mldh viuh deh gSA blh rjg ;fn dksbZ O;fDr mÙke Hkkstu] fo'o
Hkze.k ;k U;k;ky; dh 'kj.k esa tkus dk [kpZ ugha mBk ldrk] ijarq bu lqfo/kvksa ij dksbZ dkuwuh izfrca/ ugha
yxk gS rks og jkT; ls ;g f'kdk;r ugha dj ldrk fd mls Lora=krk izkIr ugha gSA bl rjg cfyZu us orZeku
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa (Socio-Economic Inequalities) osQ fujkdj.k dks jkT; osQ fopkj{ks=k
ls ckgj j[krs gq, lekurk osQ nkos dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA cfyZu dk roZQ fdruk vlaxr gSµbl vksj
laosQr djrs gq, ch-lh- ikjs[k us ^oaQVsaijsjh iksfyfVdy fFkadlZ* (ledkyhu jktuhfr&fopkjd) (1982) osQ
varxZr fy[kk gS% ¶;fn dksbZ O;fDr ;g lksprk gks fd mlosQ thou esa lk/uksa dk vHkko lkekftd izca/ dk
ifj.kke gS] vr% ;g mldh Lora=krk esa vU; yksxkssa osQ gLr{ksi osQ rqY; gS] rks bl ij cfyZu D;k dgsxk\¸ ns[kk
tk, rks cfyZu us lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa dks izkÑfrd vkSj uSfrd fo"kerkvksa (Natural and
Moral Inequalities) osQ led{k j[kdj lekurk osQ fl¼kar dk Hkzked fp=k izLrqr fd;k gS vkSj
Lora=krk osQ fl¼kar dks lekurk osQ fl¼kar ls dkVdj mlus Lo;a Lora=krk osQ fl¼kar dks Hkkjh {kfr
igq¡pkbZ gSA
fiQj] ledkyhu vkfLVª;kbZ fopkjd ,iQ-,- gs;d (1899-1992) us viuh izfl¼ Ñfr ^dkaLVhV~;w'ku vkWI+kQ
fycVhZ* (Lora=krk dk lafo/ku) (1960) osQ varxZr Lora=krk vkSj lekurk dks ijLij fojks/h fl¼kar ekurs
gq, ;g roZQ fn;k gS fd fHkUu&fHkUu O;fDr;ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu ;ksX;rk,¡ vkSj fuiq.krk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA ^dkuwu osQ

le{k lekurk* (Equality before the Law) dk fu;e ykxw djus ij vk; vkSj laink dh fo"kerk
(Inequality of Income and Wealth) bl fLFkfr dk LokHkkfod ifj.kke gksxhA bl fo"kerk dks jksdus dk
,d mik; ;g gksxk fd lÙkkoknh 'kklu (Authoritarian Rule) LFkkfir djosQ O;fDrxr izfrHkkvksa vkSj

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