Page 261 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV vkfnokfl;ksa osQ lkekftd laxBu osQ varxZr fdlh O;fDr dks ;g vuqefr ugha gksrh fd og vius ckgqcy ;k
Nycy ls vius leqnk; osQ vU; lnL;ksa dh {kfr igq¡pk losQA tSls&tSls lH;rk dk fodkl gksrk gS] oSls&oSls
'kfDr'kkyh oxZ dks viuh 'kfDr c<+kus osQ u,&u, {ks=k fn[kkbZ nsus yxrs gSa vkSj 'kks"k.k osQ u,&u, vkSj xw<+ lk/
u mlosQ gkFk vk tkrs gSaA bl rjg lH; lekt esa ,d oxZ u osQoy vius ckgqcy ls ;k cqf¼cy ls] cfYd
laink osQ cy ij Hkh nwljs oxZ dk 'kks"k.k dj ldrk gSA fiQj bus&fxus yksxksa dk ckgqcy ;k cqf¼cy rks
vfuok;Zr% lhfer gksrk gS_ mls lafpr djosQ c<+k;k ugha tk ldrkA ijarq laink osQ cy dh dksbZ lhek ugha gksrh
D;ksafd mfpr fofu;eu (Regulation) osQ vHkko esa ,d NksVk&lk oxZ lkjs&osQ&lkjs lekt dh laink dks ,d
gh txg cVksjdj lafpr dj ldrk gSA nwljs] viuh laink osQ cy ij og oxZ 'ks"k lekt dh loksZÙke izfrHkk
vkSj ifjJe dks [kjhndj vius dke esa yxk nsrk gS vkSj bl rjg viuh 'kfDr dk vifjfer foLrkj dj ysrk
gSA iQyr% ,d vksj bus&fxus yksxksa osQ fy, vkyh'kku egy cu tkrs gSa vkSj nwljh vksj loZlk/kj.k dks
>qXxh&>kasifM+;ksa esa lM+uk iM+rk gSA lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerk dh [kkbZ pkSM+h gksrh pyh tkrh gSA mlh dks ikVus
osQ fy, lekurk osQ i{k esa vkok”k mBkbZ tkrh gSA
vr% ldkjkRed lekurk dh lcls izeq[k ek¡x ;g gS fd ,d oxZ dks viuh laink osQ cy ij nwljksa
dk 'kks"k.k djus ls jksdk tk,A tks O;oLFkk ?kksj vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa dks bl cgkus dk;e j[krh gS fd /uoku~
oxZ us ^U;k;laxr* rjhdksa ls vlk/kj.k laink] in&izfr"Bk ;k 'kfDr vftZr dh gS] og vkSj pkgs oqQN Hkh gks]
lekurk dh iks"kd ugha gks ldrhA lekurk dh igyh 'krZ ;g gS fd tks O;oLFkk ,d oxZ dks nwljs osQ gkFk
dh dBiqryh cuk nsrh gS] mlesa vkewy ifjorZu gksuk pkfg,A
vkj-,p-VkWuh (1880-1962)] ,p- ts- ykWLdh (1893&1950) vkSj lh-ch- eSDiQlZu (1911&87) lekurk
osQ fl¼kar dks Lora=krk dk iwjd ekurs gSaA

lekurk dk fopkj Lora=krk osQ ekxZ dh ck/k osQ :i esa
(Idea of Equality as Impediment to Liberty)

dbZ fopkjdksa us mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k gS tgk¡ lekurk dh O;oLFkk Lora=krk osQ jkLrs dh #dkoV
cu tkrh gSA izQkalhlh fopkjd vysDlh n rkdohy (1805&59) us fy[kk gS fd vk/qfud ;qx dh lcls izeq[k
leL;k Lora=krk vkSj lekurk esa lkeatL; LFkkfir djus dh gSA yksdra=k dk foLrkj lekurk dks ftruk
c<+kok nsrk gS] Lora=krk osQ fy, mruk gh cM+k [krjk iSnk dj nsrk gSA yksdra=k ^cgqer dk 'kklu*
(Majority Rule) LFkkfir djrk gS tks ^cgqer dh rkuk'kkgh* (Tyranny of Majority) dk :i /kj.k dj
ysrk gSA Lora=krk O;fDr dh oS;fDrdrk (Individuality) osQ lEeku dh ek¡x djrh gS] ijarq yksdra=k yksder
(Public Opinion) dh izkekf.kdrk Lohdkj djrs gq, lcdks ,d gh lkaps esa <kyus (Uniformity) dh
izo`fÙk dks c<+kok nsrk gSA ;g izo`fÙk O;fDr dks yksder osQ vkxs flj >qdkus dks foo'k djrh gS vkSj bl rjg
'kfDr osQ teko (Concentration of Power) dks c<+kok nsrh gSA ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd yhd ls gVdj
pyus okyksa dh g¡lh mM+kbZ tkrh gS vkSj izpfyr er ls fHkUu er j[kus okyksa dks xyr le>k tkrk gSA
yksdra=k osQ yksder dh 'kfDr osQoy jktuhfrd cy&iz;ksx dh 'kfDr ugha jg tkrh_ og vyksdfiz; fopkjksa
(Unpopular Views) dk neu djus okyh lkekftd vkSj uSfrd 'kfDr dk :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA yksder
izdV :i ls dksbZ vR;kpkj djrk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] ijarq Hkhrj gh Hkhrj og u, fopkjksa dh fpaxkjh dks cq>k nsrk
gSA
bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ vuqlkj] tgk¡ Lora=krk dk fl¼kar vfHk#fp;ksa vkSj erksa esa fofo/rk (Variety) dh ek¡x djrk
gS] ogk¡ yksdra=k esa izpfyr lekurk dk fl¼kar erksa vkSj n`f"Vdks.kksa dh vuq:irk (Conformity) dks c<+kok

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