Page 260 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

^dkuwuh&jktuhfrd lekurk* vkSj ^lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk* 'kCnkoyh esa ^lekurk* dk vFkZ Hkh uksV
,d&tSlk ugha gSA dkuwuh lekurk izR;sd O;fDr osQ ^leku dkuwuh O;fDrRo* (Equal Legal Personality)
dks ekU;rk nsrh gS_ jktuhfrd lekurk Hkh ^,d O;fDr] ,d oksV* (One Man, One Vote) osQ fl¼kar osQ
vuqlkj lc O;fDr;ksa dh iw.kZ lekurk Lohdkj djrh gSA ijarq lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk ^lcosQ fy, leku
fgLls* (Equal Shares For All) dh ek¡x ugha djrhA lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk osQoy mu fo"kerkvksa
esa dVkSrh (Reduction of Inequalities) dh ek¡x djrh gS tks lkekftd vU;k; (Social Injustice)

dks tUe nsrh gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] dkuwuh&jktuhfrd lekurk dk ;g vFkZ yxk;k tkrk gS fd f'k{kk] jks”kxkj]
;k=kk] euksjatu bR;kfn osQ njok”ks fcuk fdlh HksnHkko osQ (Without Discrimination) lc yksxksa osQ fy,
[kqys gksaxsA ijarq blls ;g fuf'pr ugha gksrk fd budk ykHk mBkus osQ volj lekt osQ lHkh oxks± osQ fy, lqyHk
gksaxsA lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk ;g ek¡x djrh gS fd thou dks lq[ke;] lEekuiw.kZ vkSj mUur cukus
osQ lk/u fu/Zu vkSj oafpr oxks± dks Hkh lqyHk djk, tk,¡_ mudh foo'krk muosQ 'kks"k.k (Exploitation)

dk dkj.k u cu tk,A
lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk osQ fopkj us gh vk/qfud jkT; dks dY;k.kdkjh jkT; (Welfare State)
dk :i ns fn;k gSA dY;k.kdkjh jkT; /uoku~ oxks± ij Hkkjh dj yxkdj muls ,slh lkekftd lsokvksa (Social

Services) dh O;oLFkk djrk gS ftudk ykHk eq[;r% fu/Zu oxks± dks izkIr gks losQA jkT; dh vksj ls
tulk/kj.k osQ fy, f'k{kk] LokLF;] jks”kxkj] foJke&LFkyksa rFkk lLrs ifjogu] vukt] b±/u] bR;kfn dh O;oLFkk
lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk dh fn'kk esa oqQN iz;Ru gSaA m|ksxksa esa dke dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fofue;u] U;wure
e”knwjh] dkexkj eqvko”kk (Workmen’s Compensation), o`¼koLFkk isa'kusa bR;kfn lkekftd&vkfFkZd
lekurk dks c<+kok nsrh gSaA la{ksi esa] lkekftd&vkfFkZd lekurk ck”kkj vFkZO;oLFkk ls iSnk gksus okys
vlarqyu dks lq/kjus dk lk/u gSA
13-2-1 Lora=krk vkSj lekurk (Liberty and Equality)

tc ge Lora=krk vkSj lekurk osQ ijLij laca/ dh ppkZ djrs gSa rc ;g ns[kuk ”k:jh gS fd ge Lora=krk dh
dkSu&lh O;k[;k dks lekurk dh dkSu&lh O;k[;k osQ lkFk feyk jgs gSa\

Lora=krk vkSj lekurk ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd rÙoksa osQ :i esa
(Liberty and Equality as Complementary Principles)

Lora=krk dk fl¼kar ^euq"; dh Lora=krk* (Freedom of Man) esa fo'okl djrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] Lora=krk
rHkh lkFkZd gS tc mldh O;k[;k lc euq";ksa dh ^leku Lora=krk* (Equal Freedom) osQ :i esa dh
tk,A ;fn ,d euq"; dh Lora=krk (Freedom) nwljs dh ijra=krk (Unfreedom) cu tk, rks ,sslh fLFkfr
Lora=krk dh Hkkouk osQ fo#¼ gksxhA ;fn cy'kkyh dh Lora=krk fucZy dh Lora=krk dks u"V dj ns_ ;fn
prqj&pkykd O;fDr dh Lora=krk lh/s&ljy O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks vius tky esa i¡Qlk ns_ ;fn /uoku dh
Lora=krk fu/Zu dh foo'krk cu tk, rks Lora=krk dk fl¼kar gh fujFkZd gks tk,xkA ;g fopkj Lora=krk ij
roZQlaxr izfrca/ (Reasonable Restraints) yxkus dh ek¡x djrk gS rkfd ,d O;fDr dh Lora=krk nwljs
O;fDr dh oSlh gh Lora=krk osQ ekxZ esa ck/d u gksA eryc ;g fd eSa viuh Lora=krk dk iz;ksx fdlh vkSj
dh Lora=krk dks u"V djus osQ fy, ugha d:¡xkA ns[kuk ;g gS fd lH; lekt esa gekjs ikjLifjd laca/ksa dks
fofu;fer djus osQ fy, bl fu;e dks dgk¡ rd ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gS\
Lora=krk nwljksa dh Lora=krk osQ izfr lEeku dh ek¡x djrh gSA µtokgjyky usg:

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