Page 264 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

fopkjd ,iQ- ,- gs;d (1899&1992) us viuh uohure Ñfr ^ykW ysftLys'ku ,aM fycVhZ% n fejkt vkWiQ uksV
lks'ky tfLVl* (dkuwu fof/&fuekZ.k vkSj Lora=krk% lkekftd U;k; dh e`xr`".kk) ([kaM nks) (1976) osQ
varxZr ;g roZQ fn;k gS fd ^lkekftd U;k;* dk fopkj gh fujFkZd gSA U;k; oLrqr% euq"; osQ vkpj.k
(Human Conduct) dh fo'ks"krk gS_ dksbZ lekt U;k;iw.kZ ;k vU;k;iw.kZ ugha gks ldrkA ;fn lekurk osQ fgr
esa Lora=krk esa dVkSrh dh tkrh gS rks thou&lkexzh (Life’s Goods) osQ vU;k;iw.kZ forj.k osQ iz'u ij ruko]
dyg vkSj fookn vo'; iSnk gksaxsA U;k; dh ryk'k osQoy izfØ;k (Procedure) dk fo"k; gS ftldk
è;s; Lora=krk dks c<+kok nsuk gSA blosQ varxZr izR;sd O;fDr dks vius&vius Kku vkSj vius&vius fgr dh
le> osQ vuqlkj vius&vius LokFkZ lk/u dk vf/dre volj feyuk pkfg,A

LosPNkra=kokn (Libertarianism)

jktuhfr dk ,d ledkyhu fl¼kar tks O;fDr dh Lora=krk (Liberty) dks lkoZtfud uhfr dk izkekf.kd
vk/kj ekurk gSA ;g fl¼kar dY;k.kdkjh jkT; (Welfare State) dk [kaMu djrs gq, eqDr ck”kkj
vFkZO;oLFkk (Free Market Economy) dks Lora=krk dk ewy ea=k ekurk gS vkSj O;fDr;ksa osQ ijLij
O;ogkj esa jkT; osQ U;wure gLr{ksi (Minimum Intervention) dk leFkZu djrk gSA

gs;d&tSls fopkjd Lora=krk osQ uke ij LosPNkra=kokn (Libertarianism) dk leFkZu djrs gSaA LosPNkra=kokn
,slh O;oLFkk dh ek¡x djrk gS ftlesa lekt osQ leFkZ vkSj lk/ulaiUu lnL;ksa dks viuh mUufr osQ ekxZ
esa fdlh #dkoV dk lkeuk u djuk iM+sA mUgsa nwljksa dh fu/Zurk vkSj nqHkkZX; ls dksbZ ljksdkj j[kus dh t:jr
ugha gksuh pkfg,] ;gk¡ rd fd lekt osQ fucZy vkSj fu/Zu oxks± osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, leFkZ vkSj laiUu oxks±
ij dksbZ cks> ugha Mkyuk pkfg,A LosPNkra=kokn izfØ;kRed U;k; (Procedural Justice) dk leFkZu
djrk gSA blesa osQoy vkSipkfjd lekurk (Formal Equality) dh ek¡x dh tkrh gS rkfd tks yksx leFkZ
vkSj lk/ulaiUu gSa] mUgsa vius ykHk osQ fy, nwljksa osQ lkFk vuqca/ (Contract) ;k ysu&nsu djus esa fdlh
ck/k dk lkeuk u djuk iMs+A izfØ;kRed U;k; lkjs lkekftd laca/ksa dks ck”kkj&laca/ksa (Market
Relations) esa cny nsus dh fgek;r djrk gSA og lekurk dk ;g vFkZ yxkrk gS fd lkjs dk;ns&dkuwu
lekt osQ lc lnL;ksa ij leku :i ls ykxw gksus pkfg,A blosQ vuqlkj jkT; dk dk;Z osQoy ;g ns[kuk gS
fd dksbZ O;fDr ;k oxZ Ny ls ;k cy ls nwljs O;fDr ;k oxZ osQ fgrksa dk guu u dj ik,A blosQ varxZr
euq";ksa osQ ijLij O;ogkj dh rqyuk nkSM+&izfr;ksfxrk ls dh tkrh gSA nkSM+ esa dkSu vkxs jgsxk] dkSu ihNs jg
tk,xkµbl ckjs esa dksbZ fpark djus dh t:jr ugha gSA nkSM+&izfr;ksfxrk osQ fujh{kd dk dke osQoy ;g ns[kuk
gS fd dksbZ izfr;ksxh nwljs dks /ks[kk u ns_ dksbZ nkSM+ osQ fu;eksa dk mYya?ku u djs_ ;k dksbZ mÙkstd nok ysdj
tcnZLrh nwljksa ls vkxs fudyus dh dksf'k'k u djsA

lerkokn (Egalitarianism)

jktuhfr dk ,d ledkyhu fl¼kar tks lekurk (Equality) dks lkoZtfud uhfr dk izkekf.kd vk/kj
ekurk gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd euq";ksa dks leku volj] vf/dkj ;k ykHk iznku djrs le; bl
dkjZokbZ dks mfpr Bgjkus osQ fy, dksbZ rkfoZQd vk/kj (Rational Ground) <wa<+us dh vko';drk ugha
gS_ osQoy (Inequality) ;k HksnHkko (Discrimination) dks mfpr Bgjkus osQ fy, mi;qDr rkfoZQd
vk/kj <w¡<+uk t:jh gksxkA

tks yksx lekt esa 'kfDr] /u&laink vkSj eku&e;kZnk dh izpfyr fo"kerkvksa dks dk;e ugha j[kuk pkgrs] muosQ
n`f"Vdks.k dks lerkokn (Egalitarianism) dh laKk nh tkrh gSA lerkokn osQ leFkZd ;g ekurs gSa fd

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 259