Page 269 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV Lora=krk vkSj lÙkk osQ bl Vdjko osQ iz'u ij fHkUu&fHkUu fopkjdksa us fHkUu&fHkUu n`f"Vdks.k j[kk gSA VkWel
gkWCl (1588&1679) tSls fopkjd ;g ekurs gSa fd jkT; dh lÙkk osQ lkjs ykHk rHkh mBk, tk ldrs gSa tc
O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks vR;ar lhfer dj fn;k tk,A gkWCl dk eq[; ljksdkj dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkkid jkT;
(Law and Order State) ls gS_ mlus O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks xkS.k ekuk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd gkWCl dks
iw.kZlÙkkokn (Absolutism) dk izoÙkZd ekuk tkrk gS] blosQ foijhr] tkWu ykWd (1632&1704) vkSj ts-,l-
fey (1806&73) tSls nk'kZfud ;g roZQ nsrs gSa fd O;fDr dh Lora=krk dks lkFkZd cukus osQ fy, jkT; dh lÙkk
dks ;FkklaHko lhfer djuk t:jh gSA
blesa lansg ugha fd dkuwu dh n`f"V ls jkT; dks vlhe 'kfDr;k¡ izkIr gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] fczfV'k laln dks
dkuwu dh n`f"V ls loZ'kfDreku~ ekuk tkrk gSA ijUrq txr esa dksbZ Hkh jkT; vlhe 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx ugha dj
ldrkA dksbZ Hkh laosnu'khy fo/kueaMyµtks viuh lÙkk dks dk;e j[kuk pkgrk gSµdkuwuh laHkkoukvksa dh vksj
mruk è;ku ugha nsxk ftruk jktuhfrd laHkkoukvksa dh vksj nsxkA og ;g ugha ns[ksxk fd og dkuwuh rkSj ij
D;k&D;k dj ldrk gS] cfYd ;g ns[ksxk fd og O;ogkj osQ Lrj ij D;k dj ldrk gS\ dkuwu osQ fuekZ.k vkSj
izorZu (Enforcement) osQ fy, jkT; dks cy&iz;ksx (Coercion) dh iw.kZ 'kfDr izkIr gSA cy&iz;ksx ,d
HkkSfrd vL=k (Physical Weapon) gS] ijUrq jkT; osQ ukxfjdksa ls vkKkikyu djkus esa uSfrd vL=k (Moral

Weapon) vf/d izHkko'kkyh fl¼ gksrk gSA
bl rjg tc O;fDr jkT; osQ dkuwu ;k vkns'k dks mfpr (Right) vkSj dY;k.kdkjh (Good) ekurs gq, viuh
bPNk ls mldk ikyu djrk gS] rc mldh Lora=krk vo#¼ ugha gksrhA vr% jkT; dh lÙkk osQ lkFkZd iz;ksx
osQ fy, jkT; osQ dkuwu vkSj vkns'k tulk/kj.k dh uSfrd ekU;rkvksa vkSj ewY;&iz.kkyh ij vk/kfjr gksus pkfg,]
rkfd jkT; vius ukxfjdksa dk fny thrdj muls vkKkikyu djk,] mUgas foo'k djosQ ughaA ;gk¡ dksjs cy&iz;ksx
osQ eqdkcys oS/rk (Legitimacy) vf/d izHkko'kkyh fl¼ gksrh gSA fdlh fu;e] fu.kZ; ;k vkns'k dh oS/rk
ls ;g laosQr feyrk gS fd yksx mls vius fy, vkSj lkjs lekt osQ fy, mi;qDr ,oa dY;k.kdkjh le>rs gSa]
blfy, os mls eu ls Lohdkj djrs gq, mldk ikyu djus dks rRij gksrs gSaA tc rd jkT; dh orZeku laLFkkvksa
osQ vkSfpR; ijµtSls fd lSU;&'kfDr] iqfyl vkSj U;k;ky;kas dh U;k;ijk;.krk ij dksbZ iz'u&fpÉ ugha yxk;k
tkrk] rc rd cy&iz;ksx dh dksbZ t:jr ugha iM+rhA

vnE; lÙkk vO;oLFkk (Disorder) dks tUe nsrh gSA Lora=krk O;oLFkk (Order) dh tuuh gSA
µ,ysD”ksaMj coZQeSu (1920)

ukxfjdksa dk uSfrd leFkZu (Moral Support) izkIr djus osQ fy, jkT; dks ukxfjdksa dh yksdra=kh;
Lora=krkvksa (Democratic Freedoms) dh ;Fks"V j{kk djuh pkfg,A buesa fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh
Lora=krk (Freedom of Thought and Expression)] lHkk djus vkSj la?k cukus dh Lora=krk (Freedom
of Association) vkSj eqDr fopj.k dh Lora=krk (Freedom of Movement) dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA bu
Lora=krkvksa ls oafpr gksus ij jkT; dh lÙkk osQ izfr ukxfjdksa dh vkLFkk Mxexkus yxrh gSA

izLrqr fp=k esa Lora=krk osQ lkFk lÙkk vkSj LoPNanrk osQ laca/ dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA lÙkk dk ;g drZO; gS fd
og O;fDr dh Lora=krk ij vko';d izfrca/ yxk, rkfd vU; O;fDr;ksa dks mlosQ leku Lora=krk iznku dh
tk losQA ijUrq Lora=krk esa vuko';d <hy nsus ij og LoPNanrk dk :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA ,slh gkyr esa ,d
O;fDr dh rFkkdfFkr ^Lora=krk* nwljs dh foo'krk ;k ^ijra=krk* cu tkrh gS] ftlls Lora=krk dk fopkj gh
fujFkZd gks tkrk gSA

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