Page 272 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

Wages) dh njsa fu;r djrk gS vkSj fufnZ"V {ks=kksa esa ewY; lwpdkad osQ vuqlkj eg¡xkbZ HkÙks esa la'kks/u dh uksV
O;oLFkk djrk gSA Je dkuwuksa (Labour Laws) osQ varxZr dkj[kkuksa esa dke dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj 'krks± dks
fu;fer fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ekfyd bu dkuwuksa ls c¡/s gksrs gSaA nwljh vksj] dkuwu osQ }kjk oqQN lsokvksa dks
vko';d lsok,¡ (Essential Services) ?kksf"kr djosQ muesa dke djus okys deZpkfj;ksa dks gM+rky osQ
vf/dkj (Right to Strike) ls oafpr dj fn;k tkrk gSA cktkj esa fcdus okyh oLrqvksa dh xq.koÙkk
(Quality) osQ ekud fu/kZfjr dj fn, tkrs gSa vkSj feykoV djus okyksa] ?kfV;k eky cspus okyksa ;k uki&rkSy
esa xM+cM+ djus okyksa dks naM fn;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj] gekjs ns'k esa xSj&ljdkjh cSadksa dks Hkh ljdkjh funsZ'kksa
osQ vuqlkj dke djuk iM+rk gSA
lekt&dY;k.k O;oLFkk osQ {ks=k esa (In the Sphere of Provision of Social Welfare)% dY;k.kdkjh
jkT; (Welfare State) dh /kj.kk osQ fodkl osQ lkFk ,sls dkuwuksa dk nk;jk cgqr c<+ x;k gS ftuosQ varxZr
laiUu oxks± ij dj yxkdj muls fu/Zu oxks± osQ fy, ;k laiw.kZ lekt osQ fy, mi;ksxh lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk dh
tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] bu djksa ls izkIr /u ls LowQy] vLirky bR;kfn cuk, tkrs gSa rkfd fu/Zu oxks± dks
fu%'kqYd ;k cgqr ekewyh 'kqYd ij f'k{kk vkSj fpfdRlk miyC/ djkbZ tk losQA blh izdkj ifjogu oaQifu;ksa
dks ykHkizn ekxks± ij okgu pykus dh vuqefr nsrs le; ,sls bykdksa es cl lsok iznku djus osQ fy, foo'k fd;k
tkrk gS tgk¡ mUgsa ykHk ugha gksrk] cfYd gkfu gks ldrh gS] ijUrq bu bykdksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dks blls cgqr
ykHk gksrk gSA blh izdkj m|fe;ksa dks ykHkizn {ks=kksa esa m|ksx LFkkfir djus dh vuqefr nsrs le; oqQN fiNM+s
gq, bykdksa esa m|ksx yxkus osQ fy, ckè; fd;k tkrk gS ftlls muosQ ykHk esa dVkSrh gks tkrh gS] ijUrq bu
izfrca/ksa dk è;s; mu bykdksa esa csjkstxkjh vkSj fiNM+kiu nwj djuk gksrk gSA bu m|ksxksa ls ;g vk'kk dh tkrh
gS fd os vf/d ykHkizn {ks=kksa ls tks ykHk vftZr djsaxs] mldk FkksM+k&lk fgLlk fodkl&dk;ks± esa yxk nsaxs vkSj
bl rjg ljdkj osQ lkekftd nkf;Ro dh iwfrZ esa ;ksx nsaxsA ,sls mnkgj.kksa ls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd dkuwu
lkekftd U;k; dh flf¼ osQ fy, O;fDr;ksa dh Lora=krk ij rjg&rjg dh jksd yxkrk gSA
13-3-3 Lora=krk osQ fofo/ vk;ke (Dimensions of Liberty)

ukxfjd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd Lora=krk (Civil, Political and Economic Liberty)

yksdra=k osQ varxZr Lora=krk dk fl¼kar rhu egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa esa dk;Z djrk gSA bl n`f"V ls Lora=krk osQ rhu i{k
Lohdkj fd, tkrs gSa% ukxfjd Lora=krk] jktuhfrd Lora=krk vkSj vkfFkZd Lora=krkA oSls oqQN yksx bu {ks=kksa esa
Hkh Lora=krk dks osQoy ^izfrca/ osQ vHkko* osQ :i esa O;Dr djosQ mldk lhfer vFkZ yxkrs gSa] ijUrq bl rjg
dk udkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k (Negative Approach) Lora=krk osQ lgh Lo:i dh O;k[;k ugha dj ikrkA
vusZLV ckoZQj (1874&1960) dh egÙoiw.kZ Ñfr ^fizafliYl vkWI + kQ lks'ky ,aM iksfyfVdy F;ksjh* (lkekftd
vkSj jktuhfrd fl¼kar&rRo) (1951) osQ vuqlkj] ukxfjd Lora=krk esa rhu ckrsa vkrh gSa gkykafd bUgsa
vyx&vyx <ax ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS% nSfgd Lora=krk (Physical Freedom)] vFkkZr~ jkT; dh fdlh
dkjZokbZ osQ dkj.k O;fDr osQ thou vkSj LokLF; dks dksbZ {kfr ugha igq¡puh pkfg, ;k buosQ fy, dksbZ [krjk
iSnk ugha gksuk pkfg, rkfd euq"; eqDr fopj.k dj losQ_ ckSf¼d Lora=krk (Intellectual Freedom)]
vFkkZr~ euq"; vius er ;k fopkj dks O;Dr djus esa Lora=k gks_ vkSj O;kogkfjd Lora=krk (Practical

Freedom)] vFkkZr~ euq"; vU; yksxksa osQ lkFk vuqca/ ;k laca/ LFkkfir djrs le; viuh Lora=k bPNk ls dke
ys losQA buesa igyh ckr rks fufoZokn gS D;ksafd nSfgd Lora=krk ij dksbZ vaoqQ'k osQoy lkoZtfud lqj{kk] dkuwu
vkSj O;oLFkk osQ fgr esa gh yxk;k tkrk gS vkSj ;s lc Lora=krk dh vko';d 'krs± gSaA nSfgd ;a=k.kk ;k izfrca/
fdlh vijk/ osQ naM osQ :i esa gh mfpr ekus tk,¡xs] vU;Fkk ughaA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 267