Page 274 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

ljdkj ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh 'kfDr ugha cfYd ljdkj cukus vkSj ml ij fu;a=k.k j[kus dh {kerk gSA uksV
ljdkj cukus dk vFkZ gSµlkoZtfud erkf/dkj (Universal Franchise) osQ vk/kj ij pquko esa Lora=krkiwoZd
fgLlk ysuk_ ljdkj ij fu;a=k.k j[kus dk vFkZ gS] eqDr vkSj fujarj fopkj&foe'kZ] ftlesa lc yksx viuh&viuh
{kerk osQ vuqlkj Lora=k :i ls fgLlk ys losaQA

;g n`f"Vdks.k fuLlansg jktuhfrd Lora=krk dks udkjkRed Lora=krk ls ldkjkRed Lora=krk osQ :i esa <ky nsrk
gSA ijUrq fl¼kar osQ Lrj ij ;g ftruk ljy izrhr gksrk gSµO;ogkj osQ Lrj ij mruk ljy ughaA osQoy
lkoZtfud o;Ld erkf/dkj (Universal Adult Suffrage) dk dkuwu cuk nsus ls lcdks jktuhfrd
Lora=krk ugha fey ikrhA blosQ fy, fiQj nks 'krs± iwjh djuk t:jh gS% (d) ;Fks"V f'k{kk vkSj jk"Vª dk
pfj=k&fuekZ.k] rkfd yksx lkekftd uhfr;ksa dks le> losaQ vkSj jk"Vª&fgr dks loksZifj j[kdj vius izfrfuf/;ksa

dk pquko djsa_ vius erkf/dkj dk iz;ksx osQoy LokFkZewyd] rkRdkfyd vkSj xqVijd fgrksa dh izsj.kk ls u djsa_
vkSj ([k) /u dh 'kfDrµfo'ks"kr% dkys /u (Black Money) dh 'kfDr lkjh pquko&izfØ;k ij bruh gkoh
u gks tk, fd og pquko dk fu.kkZ;d rRo cu tk,A ;fn turk osQ izfrfuf/ fufgr LokFkks± dh foÙkh; lgk;rk
osQ cy ij pqus tk,¡xs rks ljdkj esa fu'p; gh Hkz"Vkpkj dk cksyckyk jgsxk vkSj tu&fgr vkMacj ek=k jg
tk,xkA
dkyk /u (Black Money)

og /u tks lk/kj.kr% xSj&dkuwuh rjhdksa ls vftZr fd;k tkrk gS ;k ftl /u ij yxus okys dj (Tax)
ls cpus osQ fy, mls ljdkj ls fNikdj j[kk tkrk gSA

vkfFkZd Lora=krk dh leL;k Hkh de tfVy ughaA lcls egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd vkfFkZd {ks=k esa udkjkRed
Lora=krk vkSj ldkjkRed Lora=krk ,d&nwljs dk foijhr i{k izLrqr djrh gSaA udkjkRed lanHkZ esa izk;%
vkfFkZd Lora=krk dk ;g vFkZ yxk;k tkrk gS fd euq"; dh vkfFkZd xfrfof/;k¡ fdlh izfrca/ ls u c¡/h

gksaA bl rjg ekfyd vkSj e”knwj nksuksa dks vuqca/ dh iw.kZ Lora=krk gksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ;g ladYiuk orZeku
vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa ij dksbZ iz'u&fpÉ ugha yxkrh] cfYd euq"; dh izfrHkk vkSj ifjJe dks cktkj esa fcdus
okyh oLrq cukdj ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ (Demand and Supply) osQ ozwQj fu;e dk fo"ke cuk nsrh gSA blosQ
foijhr] vkfFkZd Lora=krk dh ldkjkRed ladYiuk loZlk/kj.k dh vkfFkZd vleFkZrk osQ fujkdj.k dh
ek¡x djrh gSA vr% og lekt osQ vkfFkZd <kaps esa ,sls ifjorZu dh ek¡x djrh gS ftlls /uoku (Haves)
vkSj fu/Zu (Have-nots) oxks± esa ,slk varj u jgs fd ,d oxZ dks nwljs osQ 'kks"k.k dh NwV fey tk,A la{ksi
esa] vkfFkZd Lora=krk dh ldkjkRed ladYiuk ;g ek¡x djrh gS fd vkfFkZd 'kfDr dk iz;ksx lcdh Lora=krk
dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, gksuk pkfg,] loZlk/kj.k dh Lora=krk dk neu djus osQ fy, ughaA

udkjkRed vkSj ldkjkRed Lora=krk (Negative and Positive Liberty)

tc ge Lora=krk dh ifjHkk"kk osQoy ^izfrca/ osQ vHkko* (Absence of Restraint) osQ :i esa nsrs gSa rc
gekjk è;ku mlosQ udkjkRed i{k ij osQfUnzr jgrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] gekjk vfHkizk; ;g gksrk gS fd ;fn dksbZ
O;fDr oqQN djuk pkgrk gks vkSj dj Hkh ldrk gks] rks mls oSlk djus ls jksdk u tk,A bl rjg dh Lora=krk
dks vkSipkfjd Lora=krk (Formal Liberty) ;k udkjkRed Lora=krk (Negative Liberty) dgrs gSaA ;g

osQoy vuqefr dh lwpd gS vkSj blls ,slk drbZ dksbZ laosQr ugha feyrk fd O;fDr tks oqQN djuk pkgrk gS]

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