Page 278 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—13: ck”kkj ,oa yksddY;k.k

(d) igys&igys] blesa euq"; vius mRiknu rFkk mRiknu izfozQ;k ls dV tkrk gS D;ksafd iawthoknh lekt esa uksV
dkexkj ls ;g ugha iwNk tkrk fd fdu oLrqvksa dk mRiknu fd;k tk, vkSj oSQls fd;k tk,\ mldk dke mls
jpukRed dk;Z dks larks"k ugha ns ikrkA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ;fn lkearoknh lekt esa dksbZ dkexkj ,d iwjh oQeh”k
cukrk Fkk rks mls ;g larks"k gksrk Fkk fd mlus ,d mi;ksxh ;k dykRed oLrq cukbZ gS] 'kk;n O;fDr&fo'ks"k
osQ fy, cukbZ gS ftls og ml OkQeht dks igus gq, ns[k ldrk FkkA vr% viuh jpuk osQ lkFk og ,d rjg
dk viukiu eglwl djrk FkkA ijarq iwathoknh O;oLFkk osQ varxZr cMs+&cMs+ dkj[+kkuksa esa dksbZ dkexkj flIkZQ cVu
yxkrk gSA iwjh oQeh”k osQ lkFk dksbZ viukiu vuqHko ugha djrkA mls dkSu igusxk vkSj ml ij og oSQlh
yxsxhµ;g Hkh dksbZ ugh tkurk_

([k) nwljs] euq"; izo`Qfr ls ijk;k gks tkrk gSA e'khuksa ij dke djrs&djrs izo`Qfr ls mldk laca/ VwV tkrk gS
vkSj og izo`Qfr ls je.kh; n`';ksa rFkk okrkoj.k dk jl ugha ys ikrkA tSls [ksr eas dke djus okyk fdlku
dkys&dkys cknyksa dks ns[kdj >werk gS ;k IkQly dVus ij lkjs fdlku fey&tqydj ukprs&xkrs gSa ;k R;kSgkj
eukrs gSa] oSlh jlkuwHkwfr dkj[+kkus ds e”knwjksa ds fy, nwyZHk gks tkrh gSA bl rjg euq"; izo`Qfr ls ijk;k gks tkrk
gS vkSj e'khu dk iq”kkZ cudj jg tkrk gSA mls c¡/k&c¡/k;k dke djuk iM+rk gS ftlesa ,djlrk vk tkrh gS_
(x) rhljs] vfFkZd iz.kkyh esa izfrLi/kZ bruh iz/ku gksrh gS fd euq"; vius lgpjksa ls Hkh dksbZ gkfnZd laca/
ugha j[k ikrkA bl izfrLi/kZ osQ ,d dk ykHk nwljs dh gkfu cu tkrk gS ftlls fgrksa dh rhoz la?k"kZ iSnk gks
tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] tc ,d e”knwj chekj iM+rk gS rks mldh txg nwljs csdkj cSBs&e”knwj dks dke fey
tkrk gS_

(?k) varr% euq"; vius&vki ls Hkh ijk;k gks tkrk gS D;ksafd foo'krk dk lkezkT; mlds thou dks ik'fod
vfLrRo dk fo"k; cuk nsrk gS ftlls lkfgR;] dyk vkSj laLo`Qfr osQ izfr mldh dksbZ vfHk#fPk ugha jg tkrhA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa] iwathoknh iz.kkyh ekuoh; izfrHkk vkSj xq.kksa dks mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk nkl cuk nsrh gS tks iwath vkSj
laifÙk osQ futh LokfeRo ls iSnk gksrh gSaA dkexkj dh bl nqn'kkZ dk eryc ;g ugha fd iawthifr dh ekuoh;rk
T;ksa&dh&R;ksa cuh jgrh gSA njvly] iawthoknh O;oLFkk ds varxZr Lo;a iawthifr Hkh eqnzk dh rkuk'kkgh dk Xkqyke
cu tkrk gSA vf/d&ls&vf/d ykHk dh ykylk mls pSu ugha ysus nsrh vkSj og blds ihNs lkjs ekuoh; xq.kksa
ls 'kwU; gksrk pyk tkrk gSA vr% laiUurk osQ chp Hkh og lPph Lora=krk las oafpr jgrk gSA
bl vyxko ls eqfDr osQ fy, ekDlZ us lkE;okn (Communism) dk jkLrk fn[kk;k gSA ftlesa mRiknu ds
izeq[k lk/uksa (Major Means of Production) ij lkekftd LokfeRo (Social Ownership) LFkkfir gks
tk,xk vkSj lc euq"; vkRe&izsj.kk ls mRiknu dh izfozQ;k esa viuk loksZÙke ;ksxnku djus dks rRij gksaxsA tc
os fey&tqydj jgsaxs] oaQ/s ls oaQ/k feykdj dke djsaxs vkSj fey&ck¡Vdj [kk,¡xs rks muesa ijk,iu dk vglkl
vius&vki [kRe gks tk,xkA

ekDlZ osQ vyxko&fl¼kar ds vkykspd ;g roZQ nsrs gSa fd ;g r#.k ekDlZ (Young Marx) osQ eku dk fopkj
Fkk_ bls ,d dfo&'kqyHk ;k lkfgfR;d 'kSyh eas O;Dr fd;k x;k Fkk ftlesa oSKkfud ;FkkrF;rk (Scientific

Precision) dk furkar vHkko FkkA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd izkS<+ ekDlZ (Mature Marx) dh o`Qfr;ksa esa bldk dksbZ
mYys[k ugha feyrkA ijarq bl fl¼kar ds leFkZd ;g nkok djrs gSa fd ekDlZ dh vkjafHkd o`Qfr;ksa esa ftl fopkj
dks ^vyxko* dh laKk nh xbZ gS] ogh izkS<+ ekDlZ dh o`Qfr;ksa esa futh laifÙk (Private Property)] oxZ izHkqRo
(Class Domination)] Je&foHkktu (Division of Labour) vkSj 'kks"k.k (Exploitation) tSlh oSKkfud
'kCnkoyh osQ :i esa O;Dr gqvk gSA

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