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bdkbZ—12: Hkkjrh; la?kokn

lg;ksxh la?kokn dk uke fn;k gSA lgdkjh la?kokn dh fopkj/kjk dk fodkl nwljs egk;q¼ osQ ckn ls gqvk gSA uksV
;|fi bldh tM+sa igys ls fo|eku FkhaA Hkkjr dh lafo/ku lHkk igyh lHkk gS ftlus bl fopkj/kjk dks viuk;kA
ekWfjl tksUl us Hkkjr dh la?kokn dh O;oLFkk dks lkSnsckth dk la?kokn dgk gSA muosQ vuqlkj ;s lgdkjh
la?kokn dk :i gSA
lgdkjh la?kokn dk vFkZ (Meaning of Co-operative Federalism)µvkfLVu (Austin) dk dguk
gS] ¶lgdkjh la?kokn ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS ftlesa osQUnzh; ljdkj 'kfDr'kkyh gksrh gS fdUrq jkT; ljdkjsa Hkh
vius&vius {ks=k esa nqcZy ugha gksrhA¸ (‘‘Co-operative federalism produces a strong Central
Government, yet it not necessarily results in weak provincial governments.’’) lgdkjh
la?kokn dh ,d eq[; fo'ks"krk ;g gksrh gS fd la?k vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa ,d&nwljs dh iwjd gksrh gSa rFkk nksuksa
,d&nwljs ij fuHkZj djrh gSA la?k vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx jk"Vª osQ lkekU; y{;ksa dh izkfIr
osQ fy, djrh gSaA lgdkjh la?kokn es osQUnz vkSj jkT; ,d&nwljs osQ la?k"kks± esa u iM+dj turk dh lsok djus
okyh laLFkk ekurs gSaA blesa la?k vkSj jkT;ksa esa iz'kklu esa lg;ksx] uhfr;ksa dk leUo; rFkk lEiw.kZ jk"Vª dh vk;
vkSj izkÑfrd lk/uksa dk forj.k vklku gks tkrk gSA lgdkjh la?kokn ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS ftlesa osQUnz vkSj izkarksa
dk y{; tu&dY;k.k gksrk gSA os vkil esa Vdjko dh uhfr dks NksM+dj lg;ksx dh uhfr viukrs gSaA bl rjg
ls bl O;oLFkk osQ vUrxZr osQUnzh; ljdkj rFkk izkarh; ljdkjksa dks lk>snkjh gksrh gSA bl vk/kj ij ge lgdkjh
la?kokn dks osQUnzh;dj.k (Centralisation) ,oa foosQUnzhdj.k (De-centralisation) osQ eè; dh fLFkfr
dg ldrs gSaA
fo'o osQ fdlh Hkh jkT; esa 'kq¼ la?kokn dk :i fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk gSA vesfjdk] fLoV~tjyS.M] vkLVªsfy;k vkfn
jkT;ksa osQ lafo/kuksa esa lgdkjh la?kokn osQ oqQN y{k.k Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa lgdkjh la?kokn osQ rRo (Elements of Co-operative Federal-
ism in Indian Constitution)

Hkkjrh; la?kokn dks lgdkjh la?kokn dh laKk nsuk U;k;laxr gS] D;ksafd oqQN vioknksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k lHkh
lgdkjh la?kokn dh fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkkjrh; la?kh; i¼fr esa ik;h tkrh gSaA izks- ekWfjl tksUl (Prof. Morris

Jones) us Hkkjrh; la?kokn dks lkSnsckth ij vk/kfjr la?kokn dgk gSA mudk dguk gS fd Hkkjr esa la?kh;
O;oLFkk lgdkjh la?kokn dk :i gSA ekWfjl tksUl (Morris Jones) osQ vuqlkj] ¶tgk¡ lafo/ku esa osQUnz o
jkT;ksa osQ vyx&vyx {ks=k fu/kZfjr fd, x, gSa] ogk¡ O;ogkj esa nksuksa osQ chp lgdkjh lkSnsckth dk lEcU/
gSA¸ (‘‘Whereas the emphasis in the constitution is on demarcation that of practical

relations is on co-operative bargaining.’’) uohu Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa lgdkjh la?kokn osQ fuEufyf[kr
rÙo ik;s tkrs gSaµ
1- bdgjk lafo/ku (Single Constitution)µHkkjr esa izkarksa osQ vyx&vyx lafo/ku ugha gSaA tEew&d'ehj
dks NksM+dj 'ks"k lHkh izkarksa esa Hkkjr dk lafo/ku ,d gh gSA bl rjg lHkh izkarksa dh lkekftd] vkfFkZd o
lkaLÑfrd voLFkk,¡ fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs gq, Hkh lHkh izkarksa rFkk Hkkjr osQ fy, ,d gh lafo/ku dk fuekZ.k djuk
lgdkjh la?kokn dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA

2- bdgjh ukxfjdrk (Single Citizenship)µla?kkRed ns'kksa esa ukxfjdksa dks nksgjh ukxfjdrk iznku dh
tkrh gSA tSlsµvesfjdk esa ukxfjdksa dks nksgjh ukxfjdrk iznku dh xbZ gS] os vius jkT; osQ ukxfjd dgykrs gSa
vkSj leLr ns'k osQ HkhA ysfdu Hkkjr esa baXyS.M dh rjg yksxksa dks ,d gh ukxfjdrk iznku dh xbZ gSA bdgjh

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