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Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk




                     uksV        12-6 lkjka'k (Summary)

                                    •  Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh vuqie fo'ks"krk gS fd blesa la?kkRed rFkk ,dkRed nksuksa izdkj osQ lafo/kuksa osQ

                                       xq.k rFkk y{k.k fo|eku gSaA
                                    •  Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa Hkkjr dks u rks la?kkRed rFkk u gh ,dkRed lafo/ku dgk x;k gSA vfirq bls ^jkT;ksa
                                       dk la?k* (Union of States) dgk x;k gSA
                                    •  Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa yxHkx og lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSa tksfd ,d la?kkRed lafo/ku] tSls fd
                                       vesfjdk osQ lafo/ku] esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
                                    •  la?kkRed 'kklu iz.kkyh esa jkT; dk lafo/ku dBksj gksrk gSA lafo/ku blfy, dBksj cuk;k tkrk gS rkfd

                                       osQUnz ;k bdkb;k¡ mlesa viuh bPNkuqlkj euekus <ax ls ifjorZu u dj losQA
                                    •  Hkkjrh; lafo/ku us ,d ,slh 'kklu&iz.kkyh dh O;oLFkk dh gS tks u rks 'kq¼ :i ls la?kkRed gS vkSj
                                       u gh ,dkRedA
                                    •  lafo/ku dh /kjk 263 osQ vuqlkj osQUnzh; ljdkj dk ;g mÙkjnkf;Ro ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS fd og jkT;ksa
                                       osQ ijLij erHksnksa dks lekIr dju osQ fy, muesa leUo; LFkkfir djsxhA

                                 12-7 'kCndks'k  (Keywords)


                                    •  ,dkRed (Unitary)% tks feydj ,d gks x;k gks] vfHkUu
                                    •  la?k"kZ (Struggle)% Vdjko (tSls nks nyksa esa la?k"kZ] Li/kZ] gksM+] ps"Vk)


                                 12-8 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                    1-  Hkkjrh; la?kokn ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
                                    2-  Hkkjrh; la?kokn osQ Lo:i dh O;k[;k dhft,A

                                    3-  Hkkjr esa la?kh; O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
                                    4-  Hkkjrh; osQUnz dks vf/d 'kfDr'kkyh cukus osQ ihNs D;k dkj.k gS\

                                    5-  Hkjrh; lafo/ku esa lgdkjh la?kokn osQ rÙoksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
                                 mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)


                                    1-  ,dkRed                                2- 29
                                    3-  fyf[kr                                4- (c)

                                    5-  (a)                                   6- (a)
                                    7-  vlR;                                  8- lR;
                                    9-  lR;                                  10- lafo/ku

                                   11-  bdgjh                                12- baXyS.M






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