Page 322 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

bdkbZ—14: Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd ny

1. ns'k dh lkaLÑfrd cgqyrk (Cultural Pluralism of the Country)–Hkkjrh; lekt esa dbZ uksV
lkaLÑfrd&uLyh&èkkfeZd&Hkk"kk;h tkfr lewgksa osQ vfLrRo us Mhú ,eú osQú] tsú ,eú ,eú] ,eú ,uú ,iQú
vkSj thú ,uú ,yú ,iQú vkfn tSls {ks=kh; jktuhfrd nyksa dh mRifÙk dh izfØ;k esa cgqr lgk;rk dh gSA
2. èkkfeZd rÙo (Religious Factor)–Hkkjr esa dbZ èkeks± osQ vfLrRo us Hkh vdkyh ny] eqfLye yhx] ¯gnw
egklHkk vkfn tSls èkeZ ij vkèkkfjr nyksa dh mRifÙk esa lgk;rk dh gSA

3. {ks=kh; vlUrqyu (Regional Imbalances)–1977 osQ i'pkr~ Hkkjr esa iSnk gq, {ks=kh; vkfFkZd vlUrqyuksa
us Hkh {ks=kh; nyksa osQ vfLrRo esa vkus esa lgk;rk dh gSA ns'k osQ oqQN {ks=kksa esa vkfFkZd fodkl dk Lrj dkiQh
mQ¡pk jgk gS tcfd nwljs {ks=k vkfFkZd fodkl esa cgqr fiNM+s jgs gSaA LFkkuh; usrk fo'ks"kr% os tks vkfFkZd :i
esa fiNM+s ;k de fodflr {ks=kksa ls lacaèk j[krs gSa] izk;% {ks=kh; fgrksa osQ izfrfufèkRo osQ fy, vkSj jk"Vªh; usrkvksa
osQ :i esa 'kfDr izkIr djosQ viuh fLFkfr lqn`<+ cukus osQ fy, ^LFkkfud Hkkoukvksa* ls f[kyokM+ djrs gSa vkSj
{ks=kh; ny cuk ysrs gSaA vle esa vle x.k ifj"kn~ Hkh blh dkj.k gh vfLrRo esa vk;k FkkA fcgkj esa vkjú tsú
Mhú yksd tu 'kfDr ikVhZ vkfn Hkh blh dkj.k vfLrRo esa gSA

4. osQUnzokn dh fojksèkrk (Opposition to Centralism)–Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd iz.kkyh ,d ,dkRed Hkkouk
okyh la?koknh iz.kkyh gSA Hkkjrh; la?kokn esa osQUnz vFkok la?k dks vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk izkIr gSA ,dkRedokn
dh Hkkouk osQ fo#¼ izfØ;k us Hkh Hkkjr esa dbZ {ks=kh; nyksa dks u osQoy vfLrRo esa yk;k gS cfYd budks
yksdfiz;rk Hkh iznku dh gSA Mhú ,eú osQú] rsyqxq ns'ke] vdkyh ny vkfn {ks=kh; ny leFkZu izkIr djus osQ
fy, osQUnz dh fojksèkrk osQ fl¼kUr dks iz;ksx djrs jgs gSaa ijUrq twu] 1996 osQ i'pkr~] muosQ fopkjksa esa ifjorZu
vkus yx iM+k gSA vc os jkT;ksa osQ fy, vfèkd Lok;Ùkrk rks pkgrs gh gSa ijUrq blosQ lkFk&lkFk os vc osQUnz
fojks/h izo`fÙk dks NksM+ jgs gSaA vkt Mhú ,eú osQú] f'kjksef.k vdkyh ny] turk ny (;w)] us'kuy dkaizsQl]
f=k.kkewy dkaxzsl vkfn ny chútsúihú osQ usr`Ro okys xBcUèku esa 'kkfey gSa vkSj osQUnz esa lÙkk dk miHkksx dj
jgs gSa ;k fiQj fojksèkh i{k dh rjg dk;Z dj jgs gSaA bl u, ifjorZu us {ks=kh; nyksa dh lksp esa oqQN ifjorZu
fd;k gS tksfd Hkkjrh; la?kokn osQ fy, ,d vPNk izrhr gksrk gSA

5. jktuhfrd foHkktu (Politicial Splits)–dbZ jk"Vªh; jktuhfrd nyksa osQ vyx&vyx erHksnh LFkkuh;
xqVksa esa iwQV iM+us osQ dkj.k Hkh oqQN {ks=kh; jktuhfrd nyksa dk tUe gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd iz.kkyh esa osQjy
dkaxzsl] caxyk dakxzsl] mM+hlk dkaxzsl] iQkjoMZ CykWd] rfey euhyk dkaxzsl] ,ú vkbZú ,ú Mhú ,eú osQú]
r`.kewy dkaxzsl] chtw turk ny] turk ny (;w)] jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl ikVhZ (NCP) vkfn dk {ks=kh; nyksa osQ :i
esa tUe blh osQ dkj.k gh gqvk gSA

6. O;fDrRo iwftr jktuhfr (Personality cult Politics)–Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; jktuhfrd nyksa osQ vfLrRo osQ
ihNs ,d vU; dkj.k ;g gS fd ;gk¡ O;fDrRo izèkku vFkok usrk iwftr jktuhfr dk cksyckyk jgk gSA ,d usrk
osQ }kjk vius O;fDrxr lacaèkksa osQ dkj.k dk;ZdrkZvksa osQ ,d xqV ls leFkZu ysus osQ fy, fd;k x;k vkadyu
mldks viuh O;fDrxr 'kfDr n'kkZus osQ lkèku osQ :i esa {ks=kh;@LFkkuh; ny dh jpuk osQ fy, mRlkfgr djrk
gSA calh yky ny] nsoh yky ny] dkaxzsl (ts)] dkaxzsl (,lú)] chú osQú ;wú] Vhú Mhú ihú (,uú Vhú vkjú)
vkfn blh osQ dkj.k gh vfLrRo esa vk,A
7. tkfr ij vkèkkfjr {ks=kh; ny (Caste based Regional Parties)–tkfr Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dk izeq[k
rÙo jgh gS vkSj ;g dbZ {ks=kh;@LFkkfud@[akMh; nyksa osQ vfLrRo osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h jgh gSA Mhú ,eú osQú]
czkã.k&fojksèkh ny osQ :i esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA fjifCydu ny vkWiQ bafM;k] cgqtu lekt ny vkfn tkfr osQ
rÙo ls izHkkfor {ks=kh; ny gSaA

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