Page 126 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_HINDI

Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke (1707&1947 bZ-)

uksV LFkkiuk dh FkhA rRdkyhu okbljk; ykWMZ MiQfju osQ funsZ'k] ekxZn'kZu vkSj lykg ij gh áwe us bl laxBu dks
tUe fn;k Fkk] rkfd ml le; Hkkjrh; turk esa iuirs&c<+rs vlarks"k dks ¯glk osQ Tokykeq[kh osQ :i esa ckgj
vkus vkSj iwQVus ls jksdk tk losQ vkSj ^vlarks"k dh ok"i* dks fcuk fdlh [krjs osQ ckgj fudyus osQ fy,
lqjf{kr] lkSE;] 'kkafriw.kZ vkSj laoS/kfud fudkl ;k ^lqj{kk okYo* miyC/ djk;k tk losQA bl rjg Hkkjrh;
turk esa [kqncqnkrh ,d Økafrdkjh {kerk dk xyk ?kksaV fn;k x;kA ;kuh bl feFkd dk lkj&la{ksi ;g gS fd
ml le; ,d ¯gld Økafr nLrd ns jgh Fkh] tks dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk osQ dkj.k Vy xbZA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ
T;knkrj ys[kdksa us ;g ckr Lohdkj dh gSA blh fu"d"kZ osQ dkj.k mnkjoknh ys[kd dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dks lgh
dne crkrs gSa] rks izxfr'khy bldk bLrseky ;g lkfcr djus osQ fy, djrs gSa fd dkaxzsl vxj lkezkT;okn osQ
izfr fu"Bkoku ugha jgh] rks Hkh de&ls&de og le>kSrkoknh rks jgh gS tc fd ?kksj nf{k.kiafFk;ksa }kjk bl feFkd
dk bLrseky ;g fl¼ djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk jgk gS fd dkaxzsl 'kq: ls gh xSj&jk"Vªoknh jgh gSA ;s lHkh yksx
,d ckr ij lger gSa og ;g fd dkaxzsl dk tUe ftl rjhosQ ls gqvk] ml rjhosQ us blosQ cqfu;knh pfj=k vkSj
Hkfo"; esa mlosQ dk;ks± ij fu.kkZ;d izHkko MkykA

9-1 dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk] bldh LFkkiuk osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h dkjd vkSj bldh mRifÙk osQ
fl¼kar (Establishment of Congress, Factors responsible for its
Foundation and Theories of its Origin)

^;ax bafM;k* esa 1916 esa izdkf'kr vius ys[k esa ujeiaFkh usrk ykyk yktir jk; us ^lqj{kk okYo* dh bl
ifjdYiuk dk bLrseky dkaxzsl osQ ujeiaFkh i{k ij izgkj djus osQ fy, fd;k FkkA ^lqj{kk okYo* dh ifjdYiuk
ij yach ppkZ djrs gq, vius ys[k esa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd ¶dkaxzsl ykWMZ MiQfju osQ fnekx dh mit gSA¸ blosQ
ckn viuh ckr vkxs c<+krs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk Fkk fd ¶dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dk mís'; jktuhfrd vktknh gkfly
djus ls dgha T;knk ;g Fkk fd ml le; fczfV'k lkezkT; ij vklUu [krjksa ls mls cpk;k tk losQA dkaxzsl osQ
fy, fczfV'k lkezkT; osQ fgr igys LFkku ij Fks vkSj Hkkjr osQ fgr nwljs LFkku ijA dksbZ ;g ugha dg ldrk
fd dkaxzsl vius ml vkn'kZ (v¡xzsth lkezkT; osQ izfr fu"Bk) osQ izfr bZekunkj ugha jgh gSA¸ ys[k osQ milagkj
esa mUgksaus dgk Fkk] ¶blfy, ;g gS dkaxzsl dh mRifÙkμxzafFk vkSj izxfr'khy jk"Vªokfn;ksa dh n`f"V esa bldks funksZ"k
Bgjkus osQ fy, bruk dkiQh gSA¸
blosQ djhc 25&30 o"kZ ckn bl fo"k; ij jtuhike nÙk osQ ^izkekf.kd vè;;u* us rks ^lqj{kk okYo* osQ feFkd
dks okeiaFkh fopkj/kjk osQ ^dPps eky* osQ :i esa gh LFkkfir dj fn;kA bl feFkd dks cM+s tksjnkj <ax ls mBkrs
gq, mUgksaus fy[kk fd ljdkj dh lh/h igy vkSj ekxZn'kZu osQ }kjk dkaxzsl vfLrRo esa vkbZA blosQ fy,
¶okbljk; osQ lkFk feydj ,d xqi&pqi ;kstuk¸ rS;kj dh xbZ Fkh] rkfd ml le; mB jgh ¶fczfV'k&fojks/h
ygj vkSj tu vlarks"k dh rkdrksa ls fczfV'k 'kklu dh j{kk osQ fy, bldk (dkaxzsl dk) bLrseky gfFk;kj osQ
rkSj ij¸ fd;k tk,A ;g ,d vklUu Økafr dks foiQy djus dh dksf'k'k] ;k ;ksa dgsa fd Økafr osQ vkus dh
dh xbZ is'kcanh FkhA Bhd gS fd le; jgrs gh dkaxzsl ,d jk"Vªoknh laxBu osQ :i esa rcnhy gks xbZ] blosQ
¶fu"Bkoku pfj=k ij jk"Vªh; pfj=k gkoh gksus yxk¸ vkSj ;g tukanksyuksa dh okgd cu xbZ ysfdu blosQ tUe
osQ le; dk ^dyad* bldh jktuhfr ij ,d LFkk;h nkx NksM+ x;kA ,d laxBu osQ :i esa bldk ;g ^nksgjk
pfj=k* fd bls ljdkj us cuk;k vkSj fiQj ;g lkezkT;&fojks/h vkanksyu dh vxqvk cuh] ¶blosQ lewps bfrgkl
esa utj vkrk gSA¸ blus lkezkT;okn osQ f[kykiQ la?k"kZ fd;k vkSj mlosQ lkFk lg;ksx Hkh fd;kA blus tukanksyuksa
dh vxqvkbZ dh vkSj tc turk us Økafr osQ jkLrs ij c<+uk 'kq: fd;k rks mls /ks[kk nsdj lkezkT;okn dk lkFk
fn;kA
Jh nÙk osQ vuqlkj bl rjg dkaxzsl osQ nks #[k Fksμ¶,d i{k rks tukanksyu osQ ^[krjs* osQ f[kykiQ lkezkT;okn
ls lg;ksx dk Fkk vkSj nwljk i{k jk"Vªh; la?k"kZ esa turk dh vxqvkbZ dk FkkA¸ xks[kys ls ysdj xk¡/h rd] dkaxzsl

120 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY