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bdkbZ—9% Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk] gkse:y vkanksyu] ujeiaFkh vkSj xjeiaFkh

usr`Ro dk ;g nksgjkiu njvly Hkkjrh; cqtqZvk oxZ osQ nksgjs vkSj <qyeqy pfj=k dks gh izfr¯cfcr djrk gS] ^tks uksV
fczfV'k cqtqZvk osQ f[kykiQ la?k"kZjr jgrs gq, vkSj Hkkjr osQ yksxksa dk usr`Ro djus dh bPNk j[krs gq, Hkh blosQ
izfr vk'kafdr Fkk fd ^cgqr rsth ls* vkxs c<+us ls] lkezkT;okfn;ksa }kjk Hkksxh tk jgh lqfo/kvksa osQ [kkRes osQ
lkFk] mldks gkfly lqfo/k,¡ Hkh [kRe gks ldrh gSaA¸ bl rjg dkaxzsl okLrfod Økafr ;kuh ¯gld Økafr osQ
fojks/ dk gfFk;kj cu xbZA ysfdu dkaxzsl dh ;g Hkwfedk xk¡/h osQ le; esa ugha 'kq: gqbZ] cfYd ¶;g ckr rks
lkezkT;okn us blosQ tUe osQ le; gh bldh fu£n"V ljdkjh Hkwfedk osQ rkSj ij bls ?kqV~Vh esa fiykbZ xbZ FkhA
bl nksgjh Hkwfedk dh pje ifj.kfr ekmaVcsVu le>kSrs osQ :i esa blosQ vafre vkReleiZ.k osQ rkSj ij gqbZA¸
blosQ igys 1939 esa jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k osQ rkSj ij la?kpkyd ,e-,l- xksyoydj us Hkh dkaxzsl dh
/eZfujis{krk osQ dkj.k mls xSj&jk"Vªoknh Bgjkus osQ fy, lqj{kk okYo dh bl ifjdYiuk dk bLrseky fd;k FkkA
mUgksaus vius iSEiQ ^oh* (ge) esa dgk Fkk fd ¯gnw jk"Vªh; psruk dks mu yksxksa us rckg dj fn;k tks ^jk"Vªoknh*
gksus dk nkok djrs gSa vkSj ftUgksaus ^yksdra=k osQ fl¼karksa* dks c<+kok fn;k vkSj ;g foÑr /kj.kk iSQykbZ fd
¶gekjs iqjkus nq'eu vkSj geykoj eqlyeku Hkh dbZ ek;uksa esa ¯gnqvksa osQ leku gSaA¸ bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd
¶geus vius nq'euksa dks viuk nksLr eku fy;k vkSj bl rjg geus lPph jk"Vªh;rk dh tM+sa [kqn vius gkFkksa gh
[kksn MkyhaA¸ lp rks ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa py jgk la?k"kZ osQoy Hkkjrh;ksa vkSj v¡xzstksa osQ chp ugha gS] cfYd ;g
^,d f=kdks.kh; la?k"kZ gSA ¯gnqvksa dks ,d rjiQ rks eqlyekuksa ls yM+uk iM+ jgk gS vkSj nwljh rjiQ v¡xzstksa lsA
¯gnqvksa dks ^fojk"Vªhdj.k* osQ jkLrs ij ys tkus osQ fy,] xksyoydj osQ vuqlkj] áwe] dkWVu vkSj osMjcuZ }kjk
1885 esa r; dh xbZ uhfr;ka gh ftEesnkj Fkhaμ¶bu yksxksa us ml le; ^mcy jgs jk"Vªokn* osQ f[kykiQ ^lqj{kk
okYo* osQ rkSj ij dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dhA ml le; tkx jgs ,d fo'kky nso dks lqyk nsus osQ fy, ;g ,d
f[kykSuk Fkk] jk"Vªh; psruk dks rckg dj nsus dk gfFk;kj Fkk vkSj tgk¡ rd mu yksxksa osQ mís'; dh ckr gS os
blesa iwjh rjg liQy jgsA¸
mnkjoknh lh- ,iQ- ,aMªwt vkSj fxfjtk eq[kthZ us Hkh 1938 esa izdkf'kr ^Hkkjr esa dkaxzsl dk mn; vkSj fodkl*
esa lqj{kk okYo dh ckr iwjh rjg Lohdkj dh xbZ gSA gk¡] mUgsa bl ckr dk larks"k t:j gS fd blls ^O;FkZ osQ
[kwu&[kjkcs* dks Vkyus esa enn feyhA 1947 osQ igys vkSj ckn esa nfl;ksa fo}kuksa vkSj lSdM+ksa ys[kdksa us bu pkj
fopkj/kjkvksa esa ls gh fdlh&u&fdlh dks nksgjk;k gSA

áwe vkSj og xksiuh; fjiksVZ
lqj{kk okYo dh bl ifjdYiuk dks ,sfrgkfld lk{; cuk nsus esa lkr [kaMksa okyh ml ^xksiuh; fjiksVZ* dh
fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk jgh] ftlosQ ckjs esa áwe dk dguk gS fd 1878 dh x£e;ksa esa f'keyk esa mUgksaus bls i<+k Fkk
vkSj bls i<+us osQ ckn mUgsa bldk iDdk ;dhu gks x;k fd Hkkjr esa ¶vlarks"k mcy jgk gS¸ vkSj ,d cM+h
lkft'k jph tk jgh gSA fupys rcosQ osQ yksx fczfV'k 'kklu dks ¯glk osQ }kjk m[kkM+ isaQdus okys gSaA
blosQ igys fd ge bu lkr [kaMksa osQ jgL; dh Nkuchu djsa] ;g tku ysuk csgrj gksxk fd bl fjiksVZ dh ppkZ
lcls igys oSQls 'kq: gqbZ vkSj ckn esa ;g ckr oSQls vkxs c<+hA osMjcuZ us ,-vks- áwe dh thouh fy[kh Fkh]
tks 1913 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA lcls igys blh thouh esa lkr [kaMksa dh bl xksiuh; fjiksVZ dh ppkZ dh xbZ FkhA
áwe osQ ikl dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk ls lacaf/r tks nLrkost Fks] mUgha esa osMjcuZ dks ,d ,slk nLrkost feyk] ftl
ij dksbZ rkjh[k ugha iM+h FkhA osMjcuZ us áwe dh thouh esa bl nLrkost dk foLrkj ls gokyk fn;k gSA ykyk
yktir jk; osQ vuqlkj] bl rF; osQ ckotwn fd ¶áwe vktknh osQ izseh Fks]¸ og lcls igys rks ,d ¶vaxzst
ns'kHkDr¸ gh FksA tc mUgksaus ns[kk fd fczfV'k 'kklu ij ,d ¶xaHkhj foifÙk vkus okyh gS]¸ rks mUgksaus vlarks"k
osQ lqjf{kr fudkl osQ fy, ,d lqj{kk okYo cukus dk iSQlyk fd;kA
viuh bl ckr dks lkfcr djus osQ fy, ykyk yktir jk; us áwe osQ nLrkost ls ,d yack va'k m¼fjr fd;k]
tks osMjcuZ dh fdrkc osQ i`"B 80&81 ij Nik FkkA áwe osQ nLrkost osQ bl va'k osQ lkFk osMjcuZ us viuh

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