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Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke (1707&1947 bZ-)

uksV 7-6 lkjka'k (Summary)

lsu dk dFku gS fd 1857 esa ¶Hkkjr osQoy ,d HkkSxksfyd dFku¸ osQ :i esa gh fo|eku FkkA caxkyh]
iatkch] fgUnqLrkuh] egkjk"Vªh] bR;kfn yksxksa us dHkh vius vki dks ,d Hkkjr ds oklh vFkok ,d jk"Vª
osQ lnL; ugha le>k FkkA
D;k ;g lSfud fonzksg vFkok fonzksg] ,d Lora=krk laxzke Fkk\ if.Mr tokgj yky usg# osQ dFkkuqlkj
;g rks okLro esa lkeUroknh yksxksa dk fonzksg Fkk] ftlesa fons'k fojks/h Hkkoukvksa ls izsfjr yksx Hkh
lfEefyr gks x,A
etwenkj egksn; bl fu.kZ; ij igq¡prs gSa fd ¶rFkkdfFkr 1857 dk jk"Vªh; Lora=krk dk izFke laxzke u
rks ;g izFke] u jk"Vªh;] vkSj u gh Lora=krk laxzke Fkk¸A
pchZ okys dkjrwl vkSj lSfudksa dk fonzksg rks osQoy ,d fpuxkjh Fkh ftlus mu leLr foLiQksVd inkFkks±
dks tks jktuSfrd] lkekftd] /kfeZd vkSj vkfFkZd dkj.kksa ls ,df=kr gq, Fks] vkx yxk nh vkSj og
nkokuy dk :i /kj.k dj x;kA
MygkSth dh foy; dh uhfr us lHkh jktkvksa dks O;kdqy dj fn;kA fgUnw jktkvksa ls nÙkd iq=k ysus dk
vf/dkj Nhu fy;k x;kA mÙkjkf/dkj dk vf/dkj ¶mudks ugha jgk ftudh /efu;ksa esa oa'k osQ izorZd
dk jDr ugha cg jgk gksrk FkkA¸
iatkc] ihxw vkSj flfDde] fot; osQ vf/dkj }kjk foy; fd, x,] lrkjk] tSriqj] lEHkyiqj] c?kkV]
mQnsiqj] >kalh vkSj ukxiqj O;ixr osQ fl¼kUr osQ vUrxZr foy; dj fy, x, FksA voèk dks 'kkflrksa osQ
fgr esa foy; fd;k x;kA ratkSj vkSj dukZVd osQ uokcksa dh jktdh; mifèk;k¡ lekIr dj nh xb± FkhaA
lk/kj.k fo'okl Fkk fd ;g foy; ¶O;ixr osQ fl¼kUr osQ dkj.k ugha vfirq lHkh ¶uSfrdrkvksa osQ
O;ixr¸ gksus osQ dkj.k gqvk gSA bu fj;klrksa osQ Hk; fujk/kj ugha Fks] fczfV'k lkezkT; osQ ,d fuekZrk]
lj pkYlZ usfi;j osQ i=k&O;ogkj ls Li"V gSA mlus fy[kk Fkk ¶;fn eSa 12 o"kZ osQ fy, Hkkjr dk lezkV
gksrk------rks dksbZ Hkkjrh; jktk 'ks"k ugha jgrk-----fuT+kke dk uke Hkh lqukbZ u nsrk-----usiky gekjk gksrk----A¸
1856 esa iQd+h#íhu dh e`R;q osQ i'pkr~ ykMZ oSQfuax us ?kks"k.kk dh fd iQo+Qh#íhu }kjk frykatfy fn, gq,
ekeyksa osQ vfrfjDr uohu mÙkjkf/dkjh 'kgT+kkns dks jktdh; mikf/ vkSj eqxy egy nksuksa gh NksM+ nsus
gksaxsA bl ?kks"k.kk ls eqlyeku cgqr fpfUrr gks x,A
;g Hkh rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd ,d vkSj jktuSfrd dkj.k Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu dk Lo:i
¶vuqifLFkr izHkqlÙkk¸ (absentee sovereigntyship) osQ :i eas Fkh vkSj vaxzstksa osQ fojks/ ds fy, bldk
Hkkjrh; eu ij cgqr izHkko iM+kA
lsuk esa mQaps ls mQapk in tks fdlh Hkkjrh; dks fey ldrk Fkk og lwcsnkj dk Fkk ftlesa 60 vFkok 70
#i;s ekfld osru feyrk Fkk vkSj vlSfud iz'kklu esa lnj vehu dk in Fkk ftldk osru 500 #i;s
ekfld FkkA in&o`f¼ osQ volj cgqr gh de FksA Hkkjrh;ksa dh ;g /kj.kk cu xbZ fd vaxzsT+k mUgsa
¶ydM+gkjs vFkok dgkj¸ (hewers of wood and drawers of water) cukuk pkgrs gSaA
bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh dh iz'kklfud dk;Z iz.kkyh ¶v;ksX; vkSj vi;kZIr¸ (inefficient and insufficient) FkhA
Hkwfe dj O;oLFkk rks cgqr gh vfiz; FkhA uo izkIr ftyksa esa o`Q"kd yxHkx lnSo fonzksg djrs jgrs Fks vkSj
Hkwfe dj ,df=kr djus osQ fy, lsuk Hkstuh iM+rh FkhA mnkgj.k osQ :i esa ikuhir osQ ftys esa iqfyl dk;Z
osQ fy, rks osQoy 22 ?kqM+lokj Fks ijUrq Hkwfe dj ,df=kr djus osQ fy, 136 O;fDr dk;Z djrs FksA
cEcbZ osQ izfl¼ buke dfe'ku us 20]000 tkxhjsa T+kCr dj yhaA bl izdkj cgqr ls Hkwfeifr fu/Zu cu x,A
nwljh vksj o`Q"kdksa dks Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ykHk ugha igqapk D;ksafd os yksx fiQj Hkh vR;fèkd djksa osQ Hkkj
osQ uhps ncs jgsA

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