Page 101 - DHIS204_DHIS205_INDIAN_FREEDOM_STRUGGLE_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% Ñ"kd vkanksyu

8-1 20oha 'krkCnh osQ iwokZ¼Z esa Ñ"kd vkanksyu (Peasant Movements in The uksV
First-half of 20th Century)

vo/ esa fdlku lHkk
1856 esa vo/ ij vaxszth gqowQer osQ dCts osQ ckn iwjs izkar esa rkyqdnkjksa vkSj cM+s tehankjksa us fdlkuksa ij
viuh idM+ etcwr cuk yh vkSj vkSj fdlkuksa dk csbrgk 'kks"k.k djus yxsA igys rkyqosQnkjksa dks yxku dk
osQoy ,d fgLlk gh feyrk Fkk] ij vc os tehu osQ vkyk ekfyd gks x,A euekuk yxku olwyus yxsA
tc pkgrs utjkus dh jde c<+k nsrs] tc ftls pkgrs csn[ky dj nsrsA bl rjg dk'rdkj vc rkyqosQnkjksa
dh ethZ ij thus yxsA budh ftanxh tehankjksa] buosQ yBSrksa osQ jge&vks&dje ij xqtjus yxhA
igys fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn eg¡xkbZ dh ekj >sy jgs dk'rdkjksa dh vc rks jh<+ gh VwV xbZA 'kks"k.k vkSj tqYe
dh bargk us dk'rdkjksa dks ml eafty rd Bsy fn;k] tgk¡o os cxkor dh iqdkj dk bartkj djus yxsA
vo/ esa gkse :y yhx vkankyu osQ dk;ZdrkZ dkiQh lfØ; FksA bUgksaus fdlkuksa dks laxfBr djuk 'kq: fd;kA
laxBu dks uke fn;k x;k ^fdlku lHkk*A xkSjh'kadj feJ] banzukjk;.k f}osnh vkSj enueksgu ekyoh; osQ iz;klksa
ls iQjojh 1918 esa ^mÙkj izns'k fdlku lHkk* dk xBu gqvk FkkA bl laxBu us fdlkuksa dks cM+s iSekus ij
laxfBr fd;kA blls igys Hkh banzukjk;.k f}osnh us fdlkuksa dh vksj ls ljdkj dks ,d ;kfpdk nh Fkh] ftlesa
ekax dh xbZ Fkh fd laoS/kfud O;oLFkk esa fdlkuksa osQ fgrksa dk Hkh [;ky j[kk tk,A ml le; u, lafoèkku
dh ckr tksjksa ij FkhA
mÙkj izns'k fdlku lHkk us FkksM+s gh le; esa vius dks LFkkfir dj fy;kA twu 1919 rd lwcs dh 173 rglhyksa
esa bldh 450 'kk[kk,a xfBr dj yh xbZA iQrsgiqj] bykgkckn] eSuiqjh cukjl] dkuiqj] tkykSu] cfy;k]
jk;cjsyh] ,Vk vkSj xksj[kiqj ftyksa esa ^fdlku lHkk* dh vusd cSBosaQ gqb±A
^fdlku lHkk* us fdlkuksa dks fdl gn rd tkx:d cuk;k] bldk vankt blls yxk ldrs gSa fd fnlacj
1918 esa fnYyh esa dkaxszl vf/os'ku esa cgqr cM+h la[;k esa m-iz- osQ fdlkuksa us Hkkx fy;kA vxys lky
ve`rlj dkaxszl vf/os'ku esa Hkh budh rknkn dkiQh FkhA bl vf/os'ku esa fdlkuksa dk O;ogkj dkiQh mxz
FkkA mUgksaus oqQflZ;ka vkSj est rksM+ MkyhaA vf/os'ku osQ vè;{k eksrhyky usg: bl ?kVuk ls dkiQh {kqCn gq,
vkSj bldh fuank dhA
1919 osQ vafre fnuksa esa fdlkuksa dk laxfBr fonzksg [kqydj lkeus vk;kA izrkix<+ ftys dh ,d tkxhj esa
^ukbZ&èkksch can* lkekftd cfg"dkj laxfBr dkjZokbZ dh igyh ?kVuk FkhA 1920 dh xzh"e ½rq ls ,d vksj
tgka jkԻh; Lrj ij jktuhfrd xfrfof/;ka tksj idM+us yxha ogha vo/ dh rkyqosQnkjh esa xzke iapk;rksa osQ
usr`Ro esa fdlku cSBdksa dk flyflyk 'kq: gks x;kA f>xqjh flag vkSj nqxZiky flag us blesa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkbZA ysfdu tYnh gh vkanksyu esa ,d u;k psgjk mHkjk&ckck jkepanz] ftUgksaus vkanksyu dh ckxMksj gh ugha
laHkkyh] cfYd mls vkSj etcwr vkSj tq>k: cuk;kA
ckck jkepanz egkjk‘ª osQ czkã.k ifjokj osQ FksA 13 o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh ?kj&ckj NksM+dj fudy iM+s FksA ?kqeDdM+
izÑfÙk osQ Fks] fiQth pys x,A ogka esgur&etnwjh dh vkSj ogka ls 1909 esa ykSVs] rks iSQtkckn (m-iz-) pys
vk,A 1920 rd os lk/q dk thou thrs jgsA rqylhnkl dk jkepfjrekul ysdj xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwers vkSj xk¡ookyksa
dks ekul dh pkSikb;k¡ lqukrsA 1920 osQ eè; esa os ,d fdlku usrk osQ :i esa mHkjsA vo/ osQ fdlkuksa
dks laxfBr djuk 'kq: fd;kA muesa laxBu dh vn~Hkqr {kerk FkhA
twu 1920 esa ckck jkepanz tkSuiqj vkSj izrkix<+ osQ fdlkuksa osQ ,d tRFks dk usr`Ro djrs gq, bykgkckn igq¡psA
ogk¡ mUgksaus xkSj'kadj feJ vkSj tokgjyky usg: ls eqykdkr dh vkSj muls xk¡o esa vkdj fdlkuksa dh gkyr
ns[kus dk vuqjks/ fd;kA twu vkSj vxLr osQ chp tokgjyky usg: us dbZ ckj xzkeh.k bykdksa dk nkSjk fd;k
vkSj ^fdlku lHkk* vkanksyu ls lEidZ LFkkfir fd;kA

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